Efficacy of traumatic memory reactivation with or without propranolol in PTSD with high dissociative experiences

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics.

	Total	Without high dissociative experience	With high dissociative experience
		DES < 30	DES ≥ 30
	(n = 63)	(n = 39)	(n = 24)	p-value^a
Age: (years) Mean (95% CI)	39.2 (35.7–42.1)	39.6 (35.4–43.8)	38.5 (33.1–43.9)	.757
Gender: No. (%) of women	39 (61.9)	25 (64.1)	14 (58.3)	.647
Formal education No. (%)
Primary and secondary	1 (1.6)	1 (2.6)	0 (0)
High school	35 (55.6)	20 (51.3)	15 (62.5)
University	27 (42.8)	18 (46.1)	9 (37.5)	.546
Marital status: Married No. (%)	32 (50.8)	20 (51.2)	12 (50.0)	.921
Unemployed/Retired/Disabled: No (%)	13 (20.6)	9 (23.1)	4 (16.6)	.541
Index trauma: No (%)
Motor vehicle accident, work accident	19 (30.2)	12 (30.1)	7 (29.2)
Physical assault	21 (33.3)	16 (41.0)	5 (20.9)
Sexual trauma	12 (19.1)	5 (12.8)	7 (29.2)
Combat, war zone, captivity	5 (7.9)	1 (2.6)	4 (16.7)
Life threatening event	1 (1.6)	1 (2.6)	0 (0)
Sudden unexpected death	3 (4.8)	2 (5.1)	1 (4.2)
Other	2 (3.2)	2 (5.1)	0 (0)	.147
Patients treated with propranolol: No. (%)	32 (50.8)	19 (48.7)	13 (54.1)	.674
DES score at W1: Mean (95% CI)	25.3 (21.4–29.5)	15.5 (13.1–17.9)	41.2 (36.4–46.1)	<.001
PCL-S score at W1: Mean (95% CI)	63.8 (61.8–66.4)	61.2 (58.1–64.3)	68.0 (64.8–71.2)	.006
BDI score at W1: Mean (95% CI)	30.6 (27.9–34.1)	25.9 (22.2–29.7)	38.2 (34.2–42.2)	<.001
MDE at W1: No. (%)	35 (53.3)	16 (41.0)	19 (79.1)	.003
Comorbidities at W1
Anxiety disorders: No (%)
Social phobia	13 (20.6)	9 (23.1)	4 (16.6)	.706
OCD	9 (14.3)	7 (17.9)	2 (8.3)	.927
GAD	18 (28.6)	10 (25.6)	8 (33.3)	.373
Panic disorder	5 (7.9)	2 (5.1)	3 (12.5)	.293
Substance abuse: No (%)
Alcohol	5 (7.9)	3 (7.7)	2 (8.3)	.927
Cannabis	2 (3.2)	2 (5.1)	0 (0)	.260

Note. The data include the No. of events (%) or mean (95% CI). ^a Group comparisons calculated with Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, or the independent t-test. M = mean; SD = standard deviation; No. = number; OCD = obsessive-compulsive disorder; GAD = general anxiety disorder; MDE = major depressive episode.

Figure 1. Change over the treatment period in PTSD patient with or without high dissociative experiences before treatment in the (A) PCL-S score, (B) BDI score, and (C) DES score. Mean (± SEM). *p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001 between groups of patients with the presence (≥ 30) or absence (< 30) of high dissociative experiences.