Content analysis of psychological first aid training manuals via topic modelling

Figures & data

Figure 1. Relationships Between the Topics via Multidimensional Scaling.

Note. The size of the points of each topic represents that point’s marginal topic probability which indicates how strongly represented the topic is in the corpus (Orange Data Mining, 2022).

Figure 2. Heatmap of Topic Levels by Manual.

Note. The darker the red hue the stronger the topic’s presence in the manual.

Table 1. Topic Key Words.

Topic #	Topic Interpretation	Topic Key Words
1	Refugees	refugee, model, treatment, responder, australian, asylum, therapist, seeker, assessment, evidence
2	Orientation Activities	role, minute, helper, orientation, play, exercise, link, scenario, instruction, discussion
3	Community Based Applications	individual, cbpfa, culture, rural, old, community, experience, area, year, ask
4	PTSD & Other Psychological Issues	survivor, national, center, parent, pts, want, covid, operation, sleep, something
5	Training Materials	session, slide, save, hand, activity, parent, programme, giver, section, staff
6	Specific Helper Instructions	helper, individual, slide, role, national, experience, survivor, parent, minute, volunteer
7	Academics	journal, pts, study, report, year, depression, american, model, attack, psychiatric
8	MHPSS	trainer, helper, volunteer, mhpss, slide, service, national, link, module, group
9	General Curriculum	course, public, recommend, content, video, scenario, survivor, exercise, link, client
10	Austrialian Specific Delivery	australian, core, cross, deliver, national, society, organization, university, australia, centre

Note. Italicized words indicate LDAvis results of greater than .50 regarding term frequency in topic versus overall frequency in the corpus. Bolded words indicate the highest term frequency in topic versus the overall frequency in the corpus.

Table

Manual	Left Context	Term	Right Context
Red Cross PFA	natural disasters, migration crises or	armed conflict	are provided with
Red Cross PFA	Cross Armed conflict. Situations of	Armed conflict	include acts of
Red Cross PFA	Living in a situation of	armed conflict	is dangerous and
Red Cross PFA	Mirva Helenius/Finnish Red Cross	armed conflict	Situations of armed
Red Cross PFA	in the future. PFA in	armed conflict	When the soldiers
STC PFA	threatened as a result of	armed conflict,	disaster or the
STC PFA	threatened as a result of	armed conflict,	disaster or the
STC PFA	against Children in Situations of	armed conflict	United Nations Rule
Red Cross PFA	or in a situation of	armed conflict.	In this phase
Red Cross PFA	or on-going situations of	armed conflict.	It is a
Red Cross PFA	events, such as natural disasters,	armed conflicts,	physical assault, abuse

Table

Manual	Left Context	Term	Right Context
UNICEF Indian Alaska Native	violence or intimate partner violence, including women, LGBTQI2S lesbian,	gay,	bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, and two-spirit community members,
Johns Hopkins Guide to PFA	stress over sexual orientation on self-esteem of	gay,	lesbian, and bisexual individuals. International Journal for the Advancement
UNICEF Indian Alaska Native	centres and resources near you. https://findtreatment.samhsa.gov SAMHSA	LQBTQ2S	A list of resources to support two-spirit
WHO PFA Guide	PFA can be offered to anyone, regardless of age,	gender,	social status, etc. But not everyone will want
KOICA UNICEF Lao PFA	principles are applied to everyone regardless of age,	gender,	social status, ethnic background, etc.
Singaravelu PFA	Language used to greet people and the language they speak _	gender &	Age – should affected women only be approached by women
STC PFA for Children	consider asking someone else of the same	gender	as the child to take over
STC PFA for Children	feel unsafe talking to someone of the opposite	gender.	Ask the child if s/he feels safe talking
STC PFA for Children	to ask about the concept of age and	gender.	At what age would they presume that a child
STC PFA for Children	the same number to group together. Either keep a good	gender	balance in the groups, or, depending on the context,
Red Cross PFA	person knows personally or if they are of a different	gender.	Be conscious of possible differences regarding this,
Singaravelu PFA	keep an appropriate distance depending on their age,	gender &	culture. Don't judge what they have or haven'
KOICA UNICEF Lao PFA	disaster can have an impact on anybody regardless of age,	gender,	culture, etc. There are often people of various cultural
Johns Hopkins Guide to PFA	Awareness of cultural and even	gender	differences is important when reflecting emotions.
Red Cross PFA	identified by characteristics such as	gender,	ethnicity, religious beliefs, race, sexual orientation or age.
STC PFA	in the groups, or, depending on the context, make same-	gender	groups. Contextualize the training.
Red Cross PFA	considering the person's culture, age and	gender	listen actively be aware of
Jacobs Community Based PFA	the safety of the workers, whether the teams are mixed	gender	or not. There are some problems
Jacobs Community Based PFA	send professionals out to work in the community in mixed-	gender	pairs. This is done partially to improve the team's
Singaravelu PFA	body language appropriate to their culture, age,	gender,	religion and custom. Always be considerate
Johns Hopkins Guide to PFA	Cournoyer, & Mahalik, (1995). Cross-sectional study of	gender	role conflict examining college-aged and middle-aged men.
NCTSN PFA Field Operations	reestablish customs, traditions, rituals, family structure,	gender	roles, and social bonds is important in helping survivors
STC PFA	when you have to talk to women and girls about	gender-	‘sensitive issues.’ ‘Sometimes you have to use relatives’

Orange Data Mining. (2022). Topic modelling. https://orangedatamining.com/widget-catalog/text-mining/topicmodelling-widget/.

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