Dissociative symptoms among community health service users in Hong Kong: a longitudinal study of clinical course and consequences

Figures & data

Table 1. Hierarchical multiple regression predicting dissociative symptoms at Time 2 (N = 173).

	Dissociative symptoms
Variables	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF
Step 1			89.257***	.512	89.257***
Recent professional support	.053	.343
Baseline dissociative symptoms	.699	.000
Step 2			32.415***	.027	2.461*
Recent professional support	.048	.404
Baseline dissociative symptoms	.666	.000
Betrayal trauma	−.096	.157
Non-betrayal trauma	.141	.024
Perceived family support	−.040	.533
Parental modernity	−.091	.146

Notes. * p < .05 ** p < .01 *** p < .001.

Table 2. Hierarchical multiple regression predicting psychiatric symptoms at Time 2 (N = 173).

	Depressive symptoms					Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms					Disturbances in self-organization symptoms
Variables	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF
Step 1			36.724***	.466	36.724***			26.235***	.384	26.235***			40.314***	.490	40.314***
Recent professional support	.039	.524				.084	.202				.071	.236
Betrayal trauma	.067	.335				.043	.559				.004	.954
Non-betrayal trauma	.061	.359				.273	.000				.103	.112
Baseline severity	.611	.000				.413	.000				.637	.000
Step 2			29.352***	.001	.393			22.670***	.020	5.560*			35.739***	.027	9.388**
Recent professional support	.036	.561				.068	.302				.048	.417
Betrayal trauma	.060	.395				.009	.899				−.034	.610
Non-betrayal trauma	.057	.394				.258	.000				.084	.187
Baseline severity	.596	.000				.362	.000				.585	.000
Baseline dissociative symptoms	.042	.532				.165	.020				.191	.003

Notes. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.

When the Bonferroni correction is applied to the present study, the significance level is 0.71% ( =  5%/7).

Table 3. Hierarchical multiple regression predicting the levels of social and occupational participation at Time 2 (N = 173).

	Social participation (frequency)					Occupational participation (frequency)					Social participation (easiness)					Occupational participation (easiness)
Variables	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF	β	p	F	ΔR2	ΔF
Step 1			34.320***	.450	34.320***			19.612***	.318	19.612***			40.250***	.489	40.250***			18.725***	.308	18.725***
Recent professional support	−.076	.220				.051	.461				−.160	.008				−.107	.124
Betrayal trauma	−.001	.985				−.121	.110				−.021	.757				−.092	.231
Non-betrayal trauma	−.057	.395				.033	.653				−.011	.869				.022	.768
Baseline severity	.655	.000				.555	.000				.654	.000				.496	.000
Step 2			28.997***	.015	4.690*			15.597***	.000	.003			35.293***	.024	8.387**			16.201***	.018	4.532*
Recent professional support	−.054	.379				.050	.473				−.133	.025				−.086	.214
Betrayal trauma	.031	.660				−.122	.119				.011	.866				−.055	.480
Non-betrayal trauma	−.036	.587				.033	.663				.016	.797				.041	.583
Baseline severity	.632	.000				.555	.000				.603	.000				.474	.000
Baseline dissociative symptoms	−.139	.032				.004	.955				−.182	.004				−.152	.035

Notes. * p < .05; ** p < .01; *** p < .001.

When the Bonferroni correction is applied to the present study, the significance level is 0.71% ( =  5%/7).

Data availability

Data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.