The underlying dimensions of DSM-5 PTSD symptoms and their relations with anxiety and depression in a sample of adolescents exposed to an explosion accident

Figures & data

Table 1. Symptom mappings for confirmatory factor analysis.

PTSD symptoms	Model 1 (DSM-5)	Model 2 (Externalizing behaviours)	Model 3 (Anhedonia)	Model 4 (Hybrid)
B1. Intrusive thoughts	In	In	In	In
B2. Nightmares	In	In	In	In
B3. Flashbacks	In	In	In	In
B4. Emotional cue reactivity	In	In	In	In
B5. Physiological cue reactivity	In	In	In	In
C1. Avoidance of thoughts	Av	Av	Av	Av
C2. Avoidance of reminders	Av	Av	Av	Av
D1. Trauma-related amnesia	NACM	NACM	NA	NA
D2. Negative beliefs	NACM	NACM	NA	NA
D3. Distorted blame	NACM	NACM	NA	NA
D4. Pervasive negative emotional state	NACM	NACM	NA	NA
D5. Lack of interest	NACM	NACM	An	An
D6. Feeling detached	NACM	NACM	An	An
D7. Inability to experience positive emotions	NACM	NACM	An	An
E1. Irritability/aggression	Hy	EB	DA	EB
E2. Recklessness	Hy	EB	DA	EB
E3. Hypervigilance	Hy	AA	AA	AA
E4. Exaggerated startle	Hy	AA	AA	AA
E5. Difficulty concentrating	Hy	DA	DA	DA
E6. Sleep disturbance	Hy	DA	DA	DA

PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder. Model 1 = the DSM-5 model; Model 2 = the externalizing behaviours model; Model 3 = the anhedonia model; Model 4 = the seven-factor hybrid model. In = Intrusion; Av = Avoidance; NACM = Negative alterations in cognitions and mood; Hy = Hyperarousal; EB = Externalizing behaviours; AA = Anxious arousal; DA = Dysphoric arousal; NA = Negative affect; An = Anhedonia.

Table 2. Model goodness of fit indices.

Models	S-B χ^2	df	CFI	TLI	SRMR	RMSEA	RMSEA 90% CI	BIC
Model 1	308.965	164	.952	.945	.049	.033	.027–.038	35198.973
Model 2	239.743	155	.972	.966	.045	.026	.019–.032	35092.284
Model 3	220.015	155	.979	.974	.040	.022	.015–.029	35037.347
Model 4	207.493	149	.981	.975	.039	.022	.014–.028	35049.122

N = 836. Model 1 = the DSM-5 model; Model 2 = the externalizing behaviours model; Model 3 = the anhedonia model; Model 4 = the seven-factor hybrid model. CFI = Comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker-Lewis index; SRMR = Standardized root mean square residual; RMSEA = Root mean square error of approximation; CI = Confidence interval; BIC = Bayesian information criterion.

Figure 1. Structural model of the seven-factor PTSD model and the latent anxiety and depression factors.

Note: N = 836. In = Intrusion; Av = Avoidance; NA = Negative affect; An = Anhedonia; EB = Externalizing behaviours; AA = Anxious arousal; DA = Dysphoric arousal. All correlations are statistically significant (p < .01).