A scoping review of intimate partner violence assistance programmes within health care settings

Figures & data

Figure 1. Literature search results and study selection.

Table 1. Study characteristics.

	Frequency
Characteristic	N (%) N = 43
Location of Research^a:
North America	28 (65.1)
Europe	7 (16.3)
Australia/Oceania	5 (11.6)
South America	2 (4.7)
Africa	2 (4.7)
Asia	1 (2.3)
Year of Publication:
2000–2004	9 (20.9)
2005–2009	8 (18.6)
2010–2015	26 (60.5)
Type of Journal:
Medical Journal	20 (46.5)
Women’s Health or IPV Journal	13 (30.2)
Nursing Journal	5 (11.6)
Multidisciplinary Journal	2 (4.7)
Social Science Journal	1 (2.3)
Health Services/Health Policy Journal	1 (2.3)
Systematic Review Journal	1 (2.3)
Study Funding:
Funded (n = 34)	34 (79.1)
Government	16 (47.1)
Government and Foundation/Association/Non-Profit	11 (32.4)
Foundation/Association/Non-Profit	6 (17.6)
Foundation/Association/Non-Profit + Industry/Corporate/Profit	1 (2.9)
Not Specified	7 (16.3)
Unfunded	2 (4.7)

^aNumbers do not sum to 43 and percentages do not sum to 100 as two studies were conducted in multiple locations.

Table 2. Study design and methodological characteristics.

	Frequency
Characteristic	N (%) N = 43
Study Design:
Randomized Controlled Trial	19 (44.2)
Qualitative Study	5 (11.6)
Prospective Comparative Study	4 (9.3)
Pre-Test/Post-Test	4 (9.3)
Systematic Review	4 (9.3)
Mixed-Methods Study	3 (7.0)
Case Series	3 (7.0)
Cross-Sectional Study	1 (2.3)
Number of Centres (n = 37)^a:
1	11 (29.7)
2–4	11 (29.7)
5–9	8 (21.6)
≥10	7 (18.9)
Study Setting^b:
Family Medicine	18 (41.9)
Obstetrics/Gynaecology	9 (20.9)
Emergency Department	7 (16.3)
Home Visiting Programme	5 (11.6)
Prenatal/Antenatal Clinic	4 (9.3)
Paediatrics	3 (7.0)
Family Planning Clinic	3 (7.0)
Internal Medicine	2 (4.7)
Victim Identification Method^c:
Universal Screening	23 (59.0)
Targeted Screening	7 (17.9)
Referral from Another Service	5 (12.8)
Not specified	4 (10.3)
Number of Participants (median [1^st Q, 3^rd Q])	239 (64, 584)
Age of Participants (mean, SD)	30.3 (6.3)
Use of Control/Comparative Group (n = 39)^c	30 (76.9)
Inclusion of a Follow-Up Period (n = 39)^c	33 (84.6)
Length of Follow-Up (months) (n = 33):
<0 to ≥3	8 (24.2)
<3 to ≥6	3 (9.1)
<6 to ≥12	4 (12.1)
<12	9 (27.3)
Not Reported	9 (27.3)
Dropout Rate (n = 33):
0	0 (0.0)
1–10	3 (9.1)
11–20	3 (9.1)
21–30	6 (18.2)
>30	10 (30.3)
Not Reported	11 (33.3)
Categories of Outcome Measures (n = 39)^b,c:
IPV Severity/Recurrence	21 (53.8)
Use of IPV Resources	16 (41.0)
Mental Health/Wellbeing	13 (33.3)
Safety	12 (30.8)
Patient Opinions Towards Programme	11 (28.2)
Health Care Provider Opinions about the Programme	10 (25.6)
IPV Screening/Identification/Disclosure	9 (23.1)
IPV Discussions with Health Care Provider	7 (17.9)
Referral Rate to IPV Services	6 (15.4)
Physical Health/Wellbeing	6 (15.4)
Health Care Provider Knowledge/Attitudes/Self-Efficacy	5 (12.8)
Use of Non-IPV Related Healthcare Resources	4 (10.3)
Social Support	4 (10.3)
Stage of Change	3 (7.7)
Programme Harm Measures	3 (7.7)
Substance Use/Abuse	3 (7.7)
Community Involvement/Connection	3 (7.7)
Barriers to HCP Assistance Provision	3 (7.7)
Quality of Life	2 (5.1)
Women’s Relationship Statuses	2 (5.1)
Children’s Health	2 (5.1)
Economic/Efficiency	1 (2.6)
Parenting	1 (2.6)
Victim Self-Efficacy	1 (2.6)

^aNumber of centres was either not applicable or not reported for six studies.

^bNumbers do not sum to 43 and percentages do not sum to 100 as some studies reported multiple characteristics.

^cData not abstracted for four systematic reviews.

Table 3. Intervention characteristics.

		Frequency
		Total (%)
		Programme Effectiveness^b
		Positive	Not Positive
		N (%)	N (%)
Characteristic	Total N (%) N = 39^a	N = 23 (59.0)	N = 16 (41.0)
Type of Assistance Provided
Passive Assistance Alone	2 (5.1)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
Active Assistance Alone	9 (23.1)	7 (77.8)	2 (22.2)
Multiple Passive Types of Assistance	1 (2.6)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Multiple Active Types of Assistance	16 (41.0)	9 (56.3)	7 (43.7)
Combination of Passive and Active Assistance	11 (28.2)	5 (45.5)	6 (54.5)
HCP Delivering Intervention:
Nurse	10 (25.6)	4 (40.0)	6 (60.0)
Social Worker	7 (17.9)	4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)
Physician/Surgeon	6 (15.4)	2 (33.3)	4 (66.7)
Counsellor/Community Worker/Case Manager	6 (15.4)	5 (83.3.)	1 (16.7)
Non-Health Care Professional	6 (15.4)	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)
Physician/Medical Assistant	4 (10.3)	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)
IPV advocate/champion/coordinator	3 (7.7)	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)
Nurse Practitioner	2 (5.1)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
Computer	2 (5.1)	2 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Passive (e.g. posters, brochures, etc.)	2 (5.1)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
Other	4 (10.3)	4 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Not Specified	3 (7.7)	1 (33.3)	2 (66.7)
Number of Intervention sessions (mean, SD)
1	7 (17.9)	5 (71.4)	2 (28.6)
2	2 (5.1)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
3	1 (2.6)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
4	2 (5.1)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
5	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
>5	5 (12.8)	5 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Not Reported	21 (53.8)	10 (47.6)	11 (52.4)
Total Length of Intervention in Hours (mean, SD)
<1	5 (12.8)	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)
≥1 to <2	2 (5.1)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
≥2	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Not Reported	31 (79.5)	19 (61.3)	12 (38.7)
Assistance Training Provided to HCPs	29 (74.4)	17 (58.6)	12 (41.4)

^aData not abstracted for four systematic reviews.

^bProgramme effectiveness was abstracted based on study conclusions.

Table 4. Types of assistance programmes.

	Total
Type of Assistance Provided	N (%) N = 39^a
Counselling/Advocacy	4 (10.3)
Counselling/Advocacy, Referral, and Safety Planning/Assessment	4 (10.3)
Referral	3 (7.7)
Systems Level Intervention	2 (5.1)
Counselling/Advocacy and Home Visitation	2 (5.1)
Counselling/Advocacy and IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets)	2 (5.1)
Counselling/Advocacy and Referral	2 (5.1)
Referral and Safety Planning/Assessment	2 (5.1)
Counselling/Advocacy, IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets) and Safety Planning/Assessment	2 (5.1)
Counselling/Advocacy, IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets), Referral, Safety Planning/Assessment and Systems Level Intervention	2 (5.1)
Provider Cueing	1 (2.6)
IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets)	1 (2.6)
Case Management and IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets)	1 (2.6)
Case Management and Video	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy and Safety Planning/Assessment	1 (2.6)
Referral and Home Visitation	1 (2.6)
Case Management, IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets) and Referral	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy, Home Visitation and Referral	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy, Home Visitation and Safety Planning/Assessment	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy, IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets) and Systems Level Intervention	1 (2.6)
IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets), HCP Cueing and Video	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy, Home Visitation, Referral and Safety Planning/Assessment	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy, Referral, Safety Planning/Assessment and Systems Intervention	1 (2.6)
Counselling/Advocacy, Referral, IPV Resources (posters, pamphlets), Safety Planning/Assessment and Case Management	1 (2.6)

^aData not abstracted for four systematic reviews.

Table 5. Intervention characteristics for studies reporting IPV severity/recurrence outcomes.

		Frequency
		Total (%)
		Programme Effectiveness^a
		Positive	Not Positive
		N (%)	N (%)
Characteristic	Total N (%) N = 21	N = 12 (57.1)	N = 9 (42.9)
Type of Assistance Provided
Passive Assistance Alone	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Active Assistance Alone	4 (19.0)	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)
Multiple Passive Types of Assistance	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Multiple Active Types of Assistance	10 (47.6)	6 (60.0)	4 (40.0)
Combination of Passive and Active Assistance	7 (33.3)	4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)
HCP Delivering Intervention:
Counsellor/Community Worker/Case Manager	5 (23.8)	4 (80.0)	1 (20.0)
Nurse	4 (19.0)	1 (25.0)	3 (75.0)
Non-Health Care Professional	4 (19.0)	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)
Social Worker	3 (14.3)	2 (66.7)	1 (33.3)
Physician/Surgeon	2 (9.5)	0 (0.0)	2 (100.0)
Physician/Medical Assistant	2 (9.5)	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)
IPV advocate/champion/coordinator	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Nurse Practitioner	1 (4.8)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Computer	1 (4.8)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Other	3 (14.3)	3 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Not Specified	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Number of Intervention sessions (mean, SD)
1	5 (23.8)	3 (60.0)	2 (40.0)
2	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
3	1 (4.8)	1 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
4	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
5	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
>5	4 (19.0)	4 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Not Reported	10 (47.6)	4 (40.0)	6 (60.0)
Total Length of Intervention in Hours (mean, SD)
<1	4 (19.0)	2 (50.0)	2 (50.0)
≥1 to <2	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
≥2	1 (4.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (100.0)
Not Reported	16 (76.2)	10 (62.5)	6 (37.5)
Assistance Training Provided to HCPs	15 (71.4)	9 (60.0)	6 (40.0)

^aProgramme effectiveness was abstracted based on study conclusions.