Associations between societal disapproval and changes in symptoms of PTSD and appetitive aggression following treatment among high-risk South African males

Figures & data

Table 1. Means, standard deviations (SD), and correlations (Spearman’s rho) between predictors and changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression.

Variable	Mean (SD) [range]	PSS-I change score	AAS change score
Intermediate
traumatic event types	11.71 (6.09) [0–27]	−.41*	−.13
offense types	8.08 (4.90) [1–16]	−.23	−.35*
SAQ recognition	1.69 (.69) [0–3]	−.31	−.29
SAQ general disapproval	8.62 (3.69) [0–15]	−.48**	−.47**
SAQ family disapproval	6.85 (3.91) [0–14]	−.24	−.38*
Treatment/Control1	–	.38*	−.09
PSS-I change score	5.54 (13.88) [21–29]	1	.33*
AAS change score	3.72 (13.88) [33–39]	.33*	1

PSS-I = PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview, AAS = Appetitive Aggression Scale, SAQ = Social Acknowledgment Questionnaire. Change scores resulted from subtracting the post- from the pre-treatment score, such that a positive score represents symptom reduction. *p < .05, **p < .01 (two-tailed), 1Point-Biserial Correlation Coefficient

Figure 1. Path model of relationships between general disapproval post-treatment, treatment (1) vs. control (0), and changes in PTSD symptom severity and appetitive aggression. Paths with arrowheads indicate directed associations. Standardised regression weights are shown. **p < .01.