Day patient treatment for traumatic grief: preliminary evaluation of a one-year treatment programme for patients with multiple and traumatic losses

Figures & data

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics at start of treatment.

		M	(SD)	N	(%)
Age		39.7	(8.8)
Gender
	Female			5	(31.3)
	Male			11	(68.8)
Marital status
	Married			5	(31.3)
	Divorced			3	(18.8)
	Single			8	(50.0)
Residential status
	Residence permit			2	(12.5)
	Dutch passport			9	(56.3)
	Asylum seeker			4	(25.0)
	Undocumented			1	(6.3)
Employment
	Employed			1	(6.3)
	Sick leave			4	(25.0)
	Disabled			4	(25.0)
	Unemployed			7	(43.8)
Psychiatric comorbidity^a
	Depressive disorder			13	(81.3)
	General anxiety disorder			1	(6.3)
	Dissociative disorder			2	(12.5)
	Substance abuse			1	(6.3)

Note: ^aTotal N adds up to more than 16 due to multiple comorbidity.

Table 2. Loss and traumatic event characteristics at start of treatment.

		M	(SD)	N	(%)
Number of traumatic events		9.5	(2.4)
Number of losses		5.1	(2.5)
Number of violent losses		2.4	(1.6)
Participants with missing relatives				8	(53.3)
Relationship to violently lost loved one(s)^a
	Partner			2	(13.3)
	Child			3	(20.0)
	Parent			9	(60.0)
	Sibling			9	(60.0)
	Friend			5	(33.3)
	Other			3	(20.0)
Context of loss^a
	Murder/War-related			12	(80.0)
	Accident			4	(26.7)
	Suicide			0	(0.0)
	Illness			3	(20.0)

Note: ^aTotal N adds up to more than 15 due to multiple losses per participant, with some of the losses occurring within the same contexts.

Table 3. Change in PTSD severity during treatment.

	Time 1		Time 2		Change
	M	SD	M	SD	M		95% CI		t	p	d
Intent-to-treat sample
Reexperiencing	31.79	(4.21)	28.36	(6.02)	3.43	(−0.53	–	7.39)	1.87	0.084	0.66
Avoidance	36.86	(6.47)	28.57	(11.30)	8.29	(2.00	–	14.57)	2.85	0.014	0.87
Hyperarousal	30.14	(5.90)	26.64	(5.61)	3.50	(−0.13	–	7.13)	2.08	0.057	0.61
CAPS-I V PTSD^a Total Score	98.79	(10.76)	83.57	(18.47)	15.21	(6.32	–	24.10)	3.70	0.003	0.93
Completers sample
Reexperiencing	31.17	(4.11)	27.17	(5.56)	4.00	(−0.63	–	8.63)	1.90	0.084	0.82
Avoidance	37.33	(6.79)	27.67	(11.96)	9.67	(2.55	–	16.78)	2.99	0.014	0.95
Hyperarousal	30.83	(4.76)	26.75	(4.73)	4.08	(−0.14	–	8.30)	2.13	0.057	0.86
CAPS-IV PTSD^a Total Score	99.33	(9.81)	81.58	(18.29)	17.75	(8.09	–	27.41)	4.05	0.002	1.10

Notes: ^aCAPS-IV: Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-IV; PTSD: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Table 4. Change in diagnostic status during treatment.

	Time 1		Time 2
Diagnosis	N	(%)	N	(%)
PCBD and extreme PTSD ^a	11	(91.7)	5	(41.7)
Extreme PTSD only	1	(8.3)	1	(8.3)
PCBD and PTSD	0	(0.0)	2	(16.7)
PTSD only	0	(0.0)	2	(16.7)
PCBD only	0	(0.0)	0	(0.0)
No PTSD or PCBD	0	(0.0)	2	(16.7)

Notes: N = 12 patients who completed the treatment; ^aPCBD: Persistent Complex Bereavement Disorder; PTSD: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.