The role of guilt in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Figures & data

Figure 1. Changes in guilt-levels (assessed with the PANAS) over time for the blame group n = 19) and the no-blame group (n = 20). Error bars represent standard errors.

Figure 2. Mean number of intrusions and associated distress on the day of the incident (assessed with the diary) for the blame group (n = 19) and the no-blame group (n = 20).

*** p < .001.

Table 1. Comparison of group means for pre-manipulation and follow-up measures.

		Blame	No-blame
Time	Measure	M (SD)	M (SD)	df	t	p
Pre-manipulation	EPQ-R (N)	9.00 (4.40)	9.05 (4.67)	37	0.03	.973
	Brief COPE	5.60 (1.35)	5.50 (1.54)	37	−0.17	.866
	PTQ	3.21 (0.86)	2.90 (0.59)	37	−1.45	.156
Follow- up	TRGI-GG	1.90 (1.06)	0.59 (0.64)	29.33	−4.67	< .001
	TRGI-GC	1.55 (0.75)	0.68 (0.33)	24.60	−4.65	< .001
	TRGI-D	1.53 (0.96)	0.32 (0.39)	23.51	−5.14	< .001

GG = Global Guilt scale; GC = Guilt Cognition Scale; D = Distress scale.