Childhood trauma and the role of self-blame on psychological well-being after deployment in male veterans

Figures & data

Figure 1. The hypothesized model.

Table 1. Demographic characters of participants (male, N = 932).

Variable	Mean (SD)
Age, years (N = 932)	28.64 (9.05)
Missing	7
Age by category (N = 932)	%
18–25 years	51.8
26–30	16.2
31–40	17.0
41–60	15.0
Education (N = 852)
Low	3.8
Moderate	86.2
High	9.6
Other	0.5
Marital status (N = 838)
Married	26.4
Cohabiting	16.5
Long-term relationship	18.9
Single	37.2
Divorced	0.8
Widowed	0.2
Rank (N = 853)
Soldiers	40.1
Corporals	20.3
Officers	39.7
Previous deployments (N = 842)
Yes	51.4
No	48.6
	Mean (SD)
Number of previous deployments (N = 838)	0.87 (1.18)

Table 1 shows demographic information with the sample size N of valid data. Education: Low = some years of high school; Moderate = finished high school; High = some years of college or university or more.

Table 2. Results for the c-path F-test of regressions onto ETISR-SF per SCL-90 subscale.

SCL-90 subscale	ANOVA results	p	pMI	R^2
General anxiety	F(4, 479) = 3.83	.004	.012	.03**
Agoraphobic	F(4, 483) = 2.26	.062	.11	.02
Depression	F(4, 477) = 4.20	.002	.0026	.03**
Somatic complaints	F(4, 481) = 3.39	.010	.021	.03
Insufficiency	F(4, 480) = 3.00	.019	.031	.02
Interpersonal sensitivity	F(4, 478) = 3.73	.005	.0035	.03**
Hostility	F(4, 483) = 2.48	.043	.065	.02
Sleep	F(4, 483) = 2.68	.031	.064	.02

Table 2 shows the ANOVA tests for the prediction of symptoms from the set of early trauma factors: physical abuse, emotional abuse, etc. p_MI is the p-value for the multiple imputation version of the analyses.

**p < .01

Table 3. Regression coefficients for the a-path per ETISR-SF-subscale on Self-blame.

ETI subscale	B	SE	t	p	r	p
General trauma	0.00	0.03	0.13	.90	.06	.18
Physical abuse	0.04	0.05	0.75	.46	.12	.01
Emotional abuse	0.18	0.05	3.40	.001**	.20	.000***
Sexual abuse	0.22	0.09	2.30	.02*	.14	.003**

Table 3 shows ETISR-SF subscale specific coefficients on a self-blaming coping strategy. SE = standard error. Simple pairwise relationship of ETI subscales with self-blame are shown by Pearson correlations (r).

* p < .05

** p < .01

*** p< .001

Table 4. Results for the b-path on General anxiety.

Variables	B	SE	t	p	pMI
General trauma	0.08	0.08	0.96	.34	.31
Physical abuse	0.17	0.12	1.41	.16	.69
Emotional abuse	0.05	0.13	0.35	.72	.37
Sexual abuse	0.29	0.25	1.17	.24	.19
Self-blame	0.80	0.12	6.90	< .001***	< .001***

Table 4 shows specific regression coefficients of ETISR-SF subscales and Self-blame on symptoms of general anxiety. SE = standard error. p_MI is the p-value for the multiple imputation version of the analyses.

*** p < .001

Table 5. Results for the b-path on Symptoms of depression.

Variables	B	SE	t	p	pMI
General trauma	0.07	0.16	0.41	.68	1.0
Physical abuse	0.20	0.23	0.84	.40	.78
Emotional abuse	0.28	0.26	1.08	.28	.13
Sexual abuse	0.45	0.49	0.91	.36	.16
Self-blame	1.98	0.23	8.59	< .001***	< .001***

Table 5 shows specific regression coefficients of ETISR-SF subscales and Self-blame on symptoms of symptoms of depression. SE = standard error. p_MI is the p-value for the multiple imputation version of the analyses.

*** p < .001

Table 6. Results for the b-path on Interpersonal sensitivity.

Variables	B	SE	t	p	pMI
General trauma	0.00	0.15	0.01	.99	.72
Physical abuse	0.33	0.23	1.47	.14	.35
Emotional abuse	0.39	0.26	1.51	.13	.58
Sexual abuse	−0.52	0.48	−1.08	.28	.46
Self-blame	1.76	0.22	7.83	< .001***	< .001***

Table 6 shows specific regression coefficients of ETISR-SF subscales and Self-blame on symptoms of interpersonal sensitivity. SE = standard error. p_MI is the p-value for the multiple imputation version of the analyses.

*** p < .001