Psychometric validation of the PTSD Checklist-5 among female Filipino migrant workers

Figures & data

Table 1. Participant characteristics for study 1 and study 2.

Characteristic	Study 1 (N = 130)	Study 2 (N = 99)
Age (M, SD)	39.7 (8.3)	41.2 (8.8)
Education
Elementary	0.0	1.0
High School	22.9	28.3
Technical/Vocational	19.1	14.1
Two-year Associate	0.0	15.2
Some College	29.8	22.2
Bachelor’s Degree	28.2	19.2
Marital Status (%)
Single, never married	29.8	25.3
Married	35.1	36.4
Separated	22.1	20.2
Widow	7.6	9.1
Living with a partner	5.4	9.0
Monthly Salary (MDN, IQR)	4000 (3500, 4300)	3500 (3500, 4000)
Number of Children (MDN, IQR)	2.0 (1, 2)	3.0 (2,4)
Number of years working in Macao (M, SD)	5.1 (3.6)	4.7 (7.0)
Lives in Employer’s home (% yes)	40.5	45.5
Number of countries worked (M, SD)		8.0 (8.1)

Note. MOP = Macao Pataca, roughly 8.1 = US$1.

Table 2. Descriptive statistics for PCL-5 and other scales used in study 1.

Scales	Observations	Mean (Standard Deviation)	Range
PCL-5	131	20.66 (14.1)	0–62
PCL-5 Follow Up	52	10.06 (10.0)	0–49
PHQ-9	131	6.01 (4.5)	0–17
GAD-7	131	5.6 (4.5)	0–16
RRS Total Score	130	17.9 (5.1)	9–36
RRS Brooding	130	9.9 (3.1)	5–20
RRS Reflective	130	8.1 (2.3)	4–16
VAS-Pain	130	1.7 (1.9)	0–6
MSPSS	130	64.9 (11.6)	14–84

Note. PCL-5 = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale; RRS = Ruminative Response Scale; VAS-Pain = Visual Analog Scale for Pain; MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

Table 3. Cronbach’s alpha for PCL-5 and other scales used in study 1.

	Cronbach’s α	Item-test Correlation Range	Item-rest Correlation Range
PCL-5	0.95	0.47 to 0.82	0.42 to 0.80
GAD-7	0.82	0.65 to 0.79	0.49 to 0.59
PHQ-9	0.78	0.40 to 0.70	0.32 to 0.59
RRS	0.93	0.72 to 0.87	0.67 to 0.83
MSPSS	0.89	0.55 to 0.79	0.45 to 0.73

Note. The data in the table refer to baseline measurements. PCL-5 = Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM-5; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item Scale; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale; RRS = Ruminative Response Scale; VAS-Pain = Visual Analog Scale for Pain; MSPSS = Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

Table 4. Convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity of the PCL-5.

	Spearman ρ
Convergent Validity
PHQ-9	0.71***
GAD-7	0.61***
RRS	0.68***
LEC-Direct Exposure	0.46***
Discriminant Validity
VAS-Pain	0.33**
MSPSS	−0.11
LEC-Indirect Exposure	0.30***

Note. *p < .01; **p < .001; ***p < .0001

Table 5. Classification quality of the PCL-5 for the DSM-5 diagnosis of PTSD.

Score	Sensitivity	Specificity	Efficiency	LR+	LR-	κ(1)	κ(0)	κ(.5)
22	0.95	0.63	0.71	2.58	0.08	0.89	0.28	0.42
23	0.95	0.67	0.73	2.84	0.08	0.90	0.31	0.46
24	0.95	0.67	0.73	2.84	0.08	0.90	0.31	0.46
25	0.89	0.73	0.77	3.36	0.14	0.82	0.36	0.50
26	0.74	0.77	0.76	3.16	0.34	0.59	0.34	0.43
27	0.68	0.78	0.76	3.16	0.40	0.53	0.34	0.42
28	0.63	0.78	0.75	2.91	0.47	0.46	0.32	0.37

Note. Bold and italicized line indicates the optimal cutoff score. LR+ = positive likelihood ratio. LR- = negative likelihood ratio. κ(0) = quality of specificity. κ(0.5) = quality of efficiency. κ(1) = quality of sensitivity.