Trajectories of posttraumatic stress disorders among children after the Wenchuan earthquake: a four-year longitudinal study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Details of the longitudinal sample.

Table 1. Goodness of fit statistics for each class solution (n = 301).

	AIC	BIC	a-BIC	Entropy	VLMR-LRT (p)	BLRT (p)	Smallest class (%)
1 class	8483.04	8534.94	8490.54	–	–	–	–
2 classes	8454.08	8520.78	8463.69	0.87	0.003	< 0.001	7.9
3 classes	8445.74	8527.29	8457.52	0.75	0.347	< 0.001	7.5
4 classes	8437.88	8534.27	8451.81	0.79	0.246	0.158	0.4
5 classes	8429.94	8541.16	8446.01	0.76	0.188	0.200	0.4

AIC = Akaike information criterion; BIC = Bayesian information criterion; a-BIC = sample size-adjusted Bayesian information criterion; VLMR-LRT = Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test; BLRT = bootstrapped likelihood ratio test. Bold value signifies the final selected model indicators.

Figure 2. PTSD trajectories in children.

Table 2. Trajectories of PTSD according to demographics and predictors.

		Res.	Rec.	Rel.	χ^2	p
Gender	Male	126	9	22	0.48	.803
	Female	111	9	24
Grade	4	99	6	11	5.41	.065
	6	138	12	35
School	School 1	109	10	10	10.51	.005
	School 2	128	8	36
Prequake trauma	No	203	11	34	13.96	.001
	Yes	34	9	12
Earthquake exposure level	Low	49	4	1	29.18	< .001
	Intermediate	110	4	13
	High	78	10	32

Res. = Resilient trajectory, Rec. = Recovery trajectory, Rel. = Relapsing trajectory. Bold value indicates the p-values of the significant variables.

Table 3. Multinomial logistic regressions for predictors of PTSD trajectory.

	Resilient vs. Relapsing		Recovery vs. Relapsing		Resilient vs. Recovery
Predictors	B (SE)	Odds ratio (95% CIs)	B (SE)	Odds ratio (95% CIs)	B (SE)	Odds ratio (95% CIs)
Grade (Ref = 6)	0.46 (0.40)	1.58 [0.73, 3.43]	0.38 (0.64)	1.47 [0.42, 5.17]	0.08 (0.55)	1.08 [0.37, 3.16]
School (Ref = school 2)	1.02 (0.40)	2.76* [1.26, 6.04]	1.61 (0.62)	5.00** [1.50, 16.74]	−0.59 (0.52)	0.55 [0.20, 1.52]
Prequake trauma (Ref = experienced)	0.43 (0.42)	1.08 [0.68, 3.49]	−0.99 (0.64)	0.37 [0.11, 1.30]	1.42 (0.55)	4.13* [1.40, 12.20]
Trauma exposure
Low level	2.93 (1.04)	18.66** [2.45, 142.40]	2.52 (1.19)	12.38* [1.21, 126.66]	0.41 (0.63)	1.51 [0.44, 5.22]
Intermediate level	1.19 (0.37)	3.28** [1.59, 6.78]	−0.07 (0.69)	0.94 [0.24, 3.64]	1.25 (0.62)	3.50* [1.04, 11.84]
High level	–	–	–	–	–	–

**p < .01, *p < .05. Ref = reference group.