Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics between risk factors and victims and controls.

	Control N (%)	Victim N (%)	Total N (%)	χ^2 df p
Marital status
Widow(er)	222 (0.6)	23 (0.6)	245 (0.6)	369.54 (3) p < 0.001
Divorced	1,197 (3.1)	335 (8.5)	1,532 (3.6)
Unmarried	26,334 (68.4)	2787 (70.7)	29,121 (68.6)
Married	10,747 (27.9)	795 (20.2)	11,542 (27.2)
Education
Compulsory	12,952 (36.7)	2013 (57.7)	14,965 (38.6)	634.80 (2) p < 0.001
Secondary	20,057 (56.8)	1411 (40.5)	21,468 (56.8)
Higher	2,317 (6.6)	63 (1.8)	2,380 (6.1)
Employment status
Employed	14,647 (38.0)	908 (23.1)	15,555 (36.7)	1077.11 (3) p < 0.001
Unemployed	2,372 (6.2)	344 (8.7)	2,716 (6.4)
OLF	6,296 (16.4)	1424 (36.2)	7,720 (18.2)
Student	15,180 (39.4)	1,261 (32.0)	16,441 (38.7)
N	3,940	38,500	42,440

Note: N = sample size; χ² = chi-square; df = degrees of freedom; p = probability value; OLF = outside labour force.

Table 2. Risk estimates between risk factors and victims and controls.

	Control N (%)	Victim N (%)	Total N (%)	χ^2 df p	OR 95% CI
Immigrant	2735	430	3,165	75.17 (1)	1.60
	(7.1)	(10.9)	(13.6)	<0.001	(1.44,1.78)
CPS	605	234	839	351.86 (1)	3.96
	(1.6)	(5.9)	(2.0)	<0.001	(3.39,4.62)
AD	59	32	91	72.53 (1)	5.34
	(0.2)	(0.8)	(0.2)	<0.001	(3.47,8.21)
Conviction	2962	958	3920	1313.41 (1)	4.85
	(13.2)	(42.5)	(15.9)	<0.001	(4.42,5.32)
A/SU	377	331	708	1200.18 (1)	9.27
	(1.0)	(8.4)	(1.7)	<0.001	(7.99,10.79)

Note: χ² = chi-square; df = degrees of freedom; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence intervals; p = probability value; CPS = Involvement with child protective services; AD = adjustment disorder’ A/SU = alcohol and/or substance use disorders.

Table 3. Odd ratios for multivariate logistic regression predicting violence-related injuries.

Risk factors	OR	95% CI	p
Male	1.14	1.02, 1.29	.03
Female	^a	^a	^a
Marital status
Widow(er)	1.48	0.73–3.02	.28
Divorced	2.07	1.64–2.63	<.001
Unmarried	1.25	1.09–1.43	.002
Married	^a	^a	^a
Non-Dane	1.18	1.00–1.39	.05
Danish	^a	^a	^a
Education
Compulsory	1.44	1.30–1.60	<.001
Higher	0.49	0.36–0.67	<.001
Secondary	^a	^a	^a
Employment status
Unemployed	1.63	1.32–2.02	<.001
OLF	2.54	2.17–2.97	<.001
Student	1.35	1.16–1.57	<.001
Employed	^a	^a	^a
CPS	1.91	1.54–2.37	<.001
No CPS	^a	^a	^a
AD diagnosis	1.75	0.99–3.10	.054
No AD diagnosis	^a	^a	^a
Conviction	3.54	3.18–3.95	<.001
No conviction	^a	^a	^a
A/SU diagnosis	3.62	2.93–4.49	<.001
No ASA diagnosis	^a	^a	^a

Note: OLF = outside labour force; CPS = Involvement with child protective services; AD = adjustment disorder’ A/SU = alcohol and/or substance use disorders; OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence intervals; p = probability value. ^a = reference category.