ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD in treatment-seeking Danish veterans: a latent profile analysis

Figures & data

Table 1. Items in ITQ and their corresponding items in PCL and DASS.

Factor	Short names	ITQ items	Test items
PTSD	DREAMS	P1. Having upsetting dreams that replay part of the experience or are clearly related to the experience?	PCL2. Repeated, disturbing dreams of a stressful experience from the past?
	INTTHOUGHTS	P2. Having powerful images or memories that sometimes come into your mind in which you feel the experience is happening again in the here and now?	PCL1. Repeated, disturbing memories, thoughts, or images of a stressful experience from the past?
	AVOTHOUGHT	P3. Avoiding internal reminders of the experience (for example, thoughts, feelings, or physical sensations)?	PCL6. Avoid thinking about or talking about a stressful experience from the past or avoid having feelings related to it?
	AVOSIT	P4. Avoiding external reminders of the experience (for example, people, places, conversations, objects, activities, or situations)?	PCL7. Avoid activities or situations because they remind you of a stressful experience from the past?
	HYPERVIG	P5. Being ‘super-alert’, watchful, or on guard?	PCL16. Being ‘super alert’ or watchful on guard?
	STARTLE	P6. Feeling jumpy or easily startled?	PCL17. Feeling jumpy or easily startled?
CPTSD	UPSET	C1. When I am upset, it takes me a long time to calm down.	DASS29. I found it hard to calm down after something upset me.
	EMONUMB	C2. I feel numb or emotionally shut down.	PCL11. Feeling emotionally numb or being unable to have loving feelings for those close to you?
	WORTHLESS	C3. I feel like a failure.	DASS34. I felt I was pretty worthless.
	NOTMUCHWORTH	C4. I feel worthless.	DASS17. I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person.
	DISTANT	C5. I feel distant or cut off from people. C6. I find it hard to stay emotionally close to people.	PCL10. Feeling distant or cut off from other people?

Table 2. Fit indices, likelihood ratio tests, and class proportions.

	AIC	BIC	SSA-BIC	LMR-LrT	BLRT	Class proportions (%)
1 class	12,999.5	13,117.0	13,047.1	–	–	–
2 classes	7389.2	7570.8	7462.7	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	53/47
3 classes	6169.0	6414.6	6268.5	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	34/34/32
4 classes	5390.0	5700.0	5515.8	p < 0.0001	p < 0.0001	35/23/22/20
5 classes	4964.7	5338.5	5116.1	p = 0.0021	p < 0.0001	29/20/19/18/14
6 classes	4606.2	5044.1	4783.6	p = 0.0005	p < 0.0001	27/17/17/15/14/9
7 classes	4443.1	4945.1	4646.4	p = 0.6882	–	27/17/16/15/12/8/5

Notes: AIC = Akaike Information Criteria; BIC = Bayesian Information Criteria; SSA-BIC = Sample size adjusted BIC; LMR-LRT = Lo-Mendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio Test; BLRT = Bootstrapped Likelihood Ratio Test.

Figure 1. Plot of the 6-class model.

Notes: For readability, classes with low DSO-symptoms are plotted in blue, while classes with elevated DSO-symptoms are plotted in red.

Table 3. Multinomial regression analysis of being in different classes with the CPTSD class as reference. Results are presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, * = p < 0.01, **p < 0.001.

	Age	Gender	Childhood traumatic events	Adult life traumatic events
Low Symptoms	0.66** (0.57–0.77)	0.92 (0.53–1.57)	0.90 (0.78–1.03)	0.51** (0.44–0.61)
Moderate DSO	0.60** (0.58–0.77)	1.19 (0.60–2.37)	0.90 (0.72–1.12)	0.54** (0.42–0.71)
Hyperarousal	0.68** (0.57–0.80)	0.58 (0.28–1.20)	0.92 (0.79–1.07)	0.90 (0.77–1.05)
High DSO	0.74* (0.63–0.88)	0.23** (0.07–0.71)	1.01 (0.87–1.18)	0.86 (0.73–1.01)
PTSD	0.96 (0.82–1.13)	0.47 (0.20–1.11)	0.77* (0.64–0.93)	1.00 (0.86–1.18)

Figure 2. Proportion of individuals in each class who are single/divorced/widowed, uses psychotropic medication, are unemployed or receives sickness benefits.

Notes: For readability, classes with low DSO-symptoms are plotted in blue, while classes with elevated DSO-symptoms are plotted in red. *Unemployed and sickness benefits are coded as a three-category variable (unemployed, sickness benefits, in some way occupied (work, student, etc.)).