Rumination mediates the relationships of fear and guilt to posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Ya’an earthquake

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and correlations for key variables

	M ± SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7
1. T1 Traumatic Exposure	20.59 ± 3.39	1
2. T1 Fear	5.60 ± 2.42	0.07	1
3. T1 Guilt	66.36 ± 9.32	0.04	0.26***	1
4. T1 IR	6.41 ± 5.75	0.18***	0.22***	0.30***	1
5. T1 DR	9.61 ± 6.24	0.05	0.19***	0.27***	0.48***	1
6. T2 PTSD	11.64 ± 9.08	0.21***	0.19***	0.29***	0.43***	0.16**	1
7. T2 PTG	58.08 ± 23.33	0.01	0.15**	0.14***	0.03	0.28***	0.06	1

Note: IR = Intrusive Rumination, DR = Deliberate Rumination, PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder, PTG = Posttraumatic growth. ***p < .001, **p < .01.

Figure 1. Direct effect model

Note: All path coefficients were standardized coefficients. PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder, PTG = Posttraumatic growth. ***p < .001, **p < .01.

Figure 2. Multiple indirect effects model

Note: All path coefficients were standardized coefficients. IR = Intrusive Rumination, DR = Deliberate Rumination, PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder, PTG = Posttraumatic growth. ***p < .001, **p < .01, *p < .05.

Table 2. Bias-corrected bootstrap text on mediating effects

Indirect paths	β	B	Standardized 95% CI
			Low	High
Fear- IR-PTSD	0.043*	0.041	0.022	0.064
Fear -IR-PTG	−0.020*	−0.102	−0.037	−0.003
Fear -DR-PTSD	0.001	0.003	−0.009	0.013
Fear -DR-PTG	0.017	0.090	−0.002	0.036
Fear -IR-DR-PTSD	0.001	0.003	−0.009	0.013
Fear -IR-DR-PTG	0.023*	0.078	0.006	0.040
Guilt-IR-PTSD	0.083**	0.002	0.051	0.115
Guilt-IR-PTG	−0.038*	−0.047	−0.063	−0.013
Guilt-DR-PTSD	0.002	0.002	−0.008	0.014
Guilt-DR-PTG	0.041*	0.040	0.021	0.061
Guilt-IR-DR-PTSD	0.002	0.000	−0.008	0.014
Guilt-IR-DR-PTG	0.041*	0.035	0.021	0.061

Note: All path coefficients were standardized coefficients. IR = Intrusive Rumination, DR = Deliberate Rumination, PTSD = Posttraumatic stress disorder, PTG = Posttraumatic growth. **p < .01, *p < .05.