Adjustment disorder, traumatic stress, depression and anxiety in Poland during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics for sociodemographic variables (N = 1725¹)

Characteristics of the sample	M (SD)
	Women (n = 1349)	Men (n = 376)
Years of education	17.04 (2.92)	17.00 (3.37)
Age (in years)	31.09 (9.33)	32.07 (10.50)
Relationship status	% (n)
Single	30.6 (413)	38.0 (143)
Informal relationship	40.0 (539)	33.5 (126)
Married	25.4 (343)	26.1 (98)
Divorced	3.4 (46)	1.9 (7)
Widowed	0.6 (8)	0.5 (2)
Form of employment
Full time job	55.3 (746)	49.7 (187)
Odd job	2.1 (29)	3.2 (12)
Students	15.3 (206)	14.1 (53)
Students also working at the same time	4.2 (56)	2.4 (9)
Own business	7.8 (105)	13.3 (50)
Unemployed	3.0 (41)	3.2 (12)
Retired	1.3 (17)	1.6 (6)
Other	11.0 (149)	12.5 (47)
Does your job allow you to work from a home office?	54.7 (738)	55.9 (210)
Do you work from a home office?	50.9 (687)	50.8 (191)

¹A total number of participants after exclusion of underage (n = 50) and non-binary or intergender (n = 17) persons.

Table 2. List of stressful events based on the ADNM-20 questionnaire along with binary logistic regression results predicting core symptoms-based diagnosis of adjustment disorder

Stressful life events	N (%)^1	Adjustment Disorder (N, %)^2	Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval^3
Divorce/separation	101 (5.8%)	54 (53.5%)	1.032 (.665–1.601)
Family conflicts	849 (48.7%)	480 (56.5%)	1.457 (1.187–1.788)***
Conflicts in worklife	633 (36.3%)	358 (56.6%)	1.127 (1.015–1.556)*
Conflicts with neighbours	163 (9.4%)	98 (60.1%)	1.353 (.949–1.929)
Illness of a loved one	627 (36.0%)	316 (50.4%)	.916 (.728–1.151)
Death of a loved one	330 (18.9%)	147 (44.5%)	.740 (.561-.975)
Adjustment due to retirement	7 (0.4%)	5 (71.4%)	2.153 (.383–12.098)
Unemployment	318 (18.3%)	191 (60.1%)	1.182 (.893–1.563)
Too much/too little work	1249 (71.7%)	665 (53.2%)	1.326 (1.035–1.698)*
Pressure to meet deadlines/time pressure	1184 (68.0%)	618 (52.2%)	1.145 (.906–1.449)
Moving to a new home	432 (24.8%)	228 (52.8%)	.994 (.785–1.259)
Financial problems	608 (34.9%)	368 (60.5%)	1.588 (1.263–1.998)***
Own serious illness	318 (18.3%)	184 (57.9%)	1.163 (.888–1.523)
Serious accident	44 (2.5%)	26 (59.1%)	1.205 (.633–1.297)
Assault	29 (1.7%)	14 (48.3%)	.765 (.345–1.697)
Termination of an important leisure activity	350 (20.1%)	207 (59.1%)	1.312 (1.019–1.689)*
Coronavirus pandemic	1320 (75.8%)	736 (55.8%)	2.895 (2.260–3.709)***
Other	471 (27.0%)	241 (51.2%)	1.006 (.804–1.259)

***p <.001; **p <.01; *p <.05.

¹Number and percentage of participants in the entire sample (N = 1742).

²Number and percentage of participants who experienced a certain type of stressor.

³For logistic regressions, N = 1691 [after exclusion of underage (n = 50) and non-binary or intergender (n = 17) persons, as well as participants who did not indicate any stressor (n = 51)].

Table 3. Mean scores, and endorsement rates (≥2 and ≥3), for the core symptoms of the adjustment disorder (N = 1691¹)

Adjustment Disorder Symptoms	Mean (SD)	% Endorsement ≥ 2	% Endorsement ≥ 3
Preoccupation
I have to think about the stressful situation repeatedly.	3.0 (.968)	1544 (91.30%)	1193 (70.55%)
I have to think about the stressful situation a lot and this is a great burden to me.	2.75 (1.05)	1422 (84.09%)	1036 (61.27%)
I constantly get memories of the stressful situation and can’t do anything to stop them.	2.60 (1.08)	1355 (80.30%)	916 (54.17%)
My thoughts often revolve around anything related to the stressful situation.	2.98 (.96)	1536 (90.83%)	1176 (69.54%)
Subscale score	11.33 (3.55)
Failure to Adapt
Since the stressful situation, I find it difficult to concentrate on certain things.	2.56 (1.09)	1314 (64.81%)	899 (53.16%)
Since the stressful situation, I do not like going to work or carrying out the necessary tasks in everyday life.	2.22 (1.10)	1096 (27.9%)	681 (40.27%)
Since the stressful situation, I can no longer sleep properly.	2.23 (1.12)	1173 (69.37%)	725 (42.87%)
All in all, the situation causes serious impairment in my social or occupational life, my leisure time, and other important areas of functioning.	2.79 (1.08)	1414 (83.62%)	1040 (61.50%)
Subscale score	9.90 (3.53)
Total scale score (core symptoms)	21.23 (6.55)

¹A total number of participants after exclusion of underage (n = 50) and non-binary or intergender (n = 17) persons, as well as participants who did not indicate any stressor (n = 51).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, MD, upon reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to restrictions related to university protocol.