Posttraumatic stress and depression among women in Kenya’s informal settlements: risk and protective factors

Figures & data

Table 1. Participant demographic information

	N	%
Age
18–25 years old	76	25.20
26–34 years old	132	43.90
35–41 years old	58	19.30
42–49 years old	24	8.00
50–65 years old	9	3.00
Above 65 years old	2	.70
Religion
Christian	297	98.70
Muslim	3	1.00
Traditional	1	.30
Highest level of education completed
Primary	134	44.50
Secondary	127	42.20
Higher	25	8.30
Do not know	15	5.00
Marital status
Married	274	92.00
Partnered	24	8.00

Table 2. Correlations between variables

Variable	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
(1) Economic stress	–	.06	.12*	.18**	.21**	−.01	−.14*	−.01	.26**	.34**
(2) Childhood abuse		–	.28**	.14*	.01	−.08	.03	.03	.20**	.28**
(3) Sexual violence			–	.23**	.26**	−.09	.01	.02	.20**	.18**
(4) Physical abuse from partner				–	.44**	−.07	−.08	.10	.28**	.34**
(5) Psych abuse from partner					–	−.17**	−.10	.02	.30**	.34**
(6) Community connection						–	.21**	.04	−.27**	−.20**
(7) Family support							–	.12*	−.24**	−.23**
(8) Friend support								–	−.02	.09
(9) PTSS									–	.77**
(10) Depression										–

*p <.05, **p <.01. Psych = Psychological. PTSS = Posttraumatic stress symptoms. All variable except economic stress, PTSS, and depression were dichotomous; 0 = no, 1 = yes.

Table 3. Path coefficients

	PTSS		Depression
	Estimate (SE)	p	Estimate (SE)	p
Economic stress	3.318 (1.009)	.001	.169 (.036)	.001
Childhood abuse	5.391 (2.240)	.011	.172 (.080)	.031
Sexual violence	6.240 (2.512)	.013	.191 (.090)	.033
Physical abuse from partner	5.078 (2.448)	.038	.274 (.087)	.002
Psychological abuse from partner	6.485 (2.545)	.001	.250 (.091)	.006
Community connection	−9.296 (2.558)	.001	−.207 (.091)	.024
Family support	−9.606 (3.019)	.001	−.333 (.108)	.002

Unstandardized path coefficients are shown. PTSS = Posttraumatic stress symptoms. All predictor variables except economic stress were dichotomous; 0 = no, 1 = yes.

Data availability statement

Data are not posted publicly because of organizational policy on protecting confidentially of participants. The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [JEL], upon reasonable request.