Network analysis of PTSD in college students across different areas after the COVID-19 epidemic

Figures & data

Figure 1. PTSD network for Hubei

Figure 2. PTSD network for non-Hubei areas

Figure 3. Network centrality-strength (standardized)

Table 1. Comparison of node strength

Symptom		M(SD)		t	p	Effect size (Cohen’s d)
		Hubei	Non-Hubei
Intrusion	6 Recurrent dreams	0.85(0.08)	0.92(0.12)	−15.35	<.001	−0.69
	8 Recurrent memory	0.87(0.09)	0.98(0.08)	−28.89	<.001	−1.29
	9 Psychological distress	0.91(0.09)	0.86(0.12)	10.54	<.001	0.47
	11 Flashbacks	1.07(0.12)	1.16(0.10)	−18.22	<.001	−0.81
	12 Physiological responses	0.98(0.11)	1.12(0.08)	−32.55	<.001	−1.46
Avoidance	3 Avoidance of external reminders	0.76(0.08)	0.92(0.13)	−33.15	<.001	−1.48
	17 Avoidance of thoughts	1.00(0.08)	0.95(0.09)	13.13	<.001	0.59
NACM	1 Diminished interest	0.96(0.08)	0.80(0.09)	42.02	<.001	1.88
	2 Negative beliefs	1.05(0.09)	1.04(0.09)	2.49	.013	0.11
	10 Numb	0.95(0.10)	1.04(0.09)	−21.16	<.001	−0.95
	14 Amnesia	0.77(0.12)	0.96(0.07)	−43.25	<.001	−1.93
	16 Detachment	0.89(0.08)	1.10(0.10)	−51.86	.001	−2.32
	19 Distorted cognitions	1.09(0.09)	1.18(0.10)	−21.16	<.001	0.95
	20 No positive emotion	1.10(0.09)	0.97(0.11)	28.93	<.001	1.29
Arousal	4 Concentration problems	0.77(0.08)	0.76(0.12)	2.19	.028	0.10
	5 Sleep disturbances	0.99(0.09)	0.84(0.10)	35.26	<.001	1.58
	7 Exaggerated startle	0.96(0.09)	1.14(0.08)	−47.27	<.001	−2.11
	13 Hypervigilance	0.93(0.08)	0.85(0.08)	22.36	<.001	1.00
	15 Irritability and anger	1.15(0.07)	1.02(0.11)	31.53	<.001	1.41
	18 Reckless behaviour	0.99(0.09)	0.98(0.08)	2.63	.009	0.12

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the first author, RS, upon reasonable request.