PTSD and complex PTSD in treatment-seeking Danish soldiers: a replication of Folke et al. (2019) using the International Trauma Questionnaire

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample descriptives of Danish veterans referred on to treatment in the Military Psychology Department of the Danish Defence (n = 294)

Variable	Mean (SD)/Number (%)
Age (Mean (SD))	39.7 (9.8)
Gender (male)	272 (92.5%)
Civilian status (single/divorced/widowed)	69 (23.5%)
Employment
– Unemployed	14 (4.8%)
– Receiving sickness benefits	39 (13.3%)
Currently using psychotropic medicine	70 (23.8%)
Has experienced childhood trauma	84 (28.6%)
Has experienced at least one adult life trauma	294 (100%)
Has been exposed to combat	230 (78.2%)
PTSD according to ICD-11 criteria	45 (15.3%)
CPTSD according to ICD-11 criteria	89 (30.3%)

Table 2. Latent class models, fit indices, likelihood ratio tests and class proportions

	AIC	BIC	SSA-BIC	LMR-LrT	BLRT	Class proportions (%)
1 class	12453	12541	12466
2 classes	11272	11408	11291	<0.0001	<0.0001	48/52
3 classes	11009	11193	11035	0.115	<0.0001	38/23/39
4 classes	10755	10987	10788	0.108	<0.0001	17/30/29/23
5 classes	10686	10966	10724	0.425	<0.0001	24/13/22/28/13
6 classes	10618	10946	10664	0.460	<0.0001	17/12/12/15/16/28

AIC = Akaike information criteria, BIC = Bayesian Information Criteria, SSA-BIC = Sample-size adjusted BIC, LMR-LRT = Lo-Mendell-Rubin Likelihood Ratio Test, BLRT = Bootstrapped Likelihood Ratio Test.

Figure 1. Plot of the 4-class model

Table 3. Multinomial regression analysis with class membership as the dependent variable with CPTSD class as reference. Results are presented as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals

	Age	Childhood traumatic events (ACE)	Adult life traumatic events
Low symptoms	0.69* (0.51–0.93)	1.12 (0.84–1.48)	0.56*** (0.41–0.76)
DSO	0.50*** (0.35–0.72)	0.84 (0.56–1.26)	0.81 (0.56–1.18)
PTSD	1.56* (1.17–2.08)	1.17 (0.89–1.55)	0.77 (0.60–1.00)

* p< 0.05, ** p< 0.01, *** p< 0.001.

Figure 2. Proportion of individuals in each class who are single/divorced/widowed, uses psychotropic medication, are unemployed or receives sickness benefits

Notes: *Unemployed and sickness benefits are coded as a three-category variable (unemployed, sickness benefits, in some way occupied (work, student, etc.)).

Data availability

Due to privacy and data protection regulations of the Danish Defence, data from the current study cannot be shared.