The dissociative subtype of PTSD in trauma-exposed individuals: a latent class analysis and examination of clinical covariates

Figures & data

Table 1. Model fit indices of latent classes of DSM-5 PTSD and dissociative subtype criteria in patients with PTSD (N = 202)

Model	Loglikeli-hood	BIC	ssBIC	VLMR	VLMR p-value	BLR	BLR p-value	Entropy
2-class	−2178.8	4607.0	4458.1	220.1	<.001	−2289.7	<.001	0.766
3-class	−2145.4	4672.9	4444.8	66.3	.216	−2178.8	<.001	0.815
4-class	−2111.8	4738.4	4431.1	66.7	.461	−2145.4	<.001	0.846
5-class	−2086.3	4820.1	4433.6	54.7	.242	−2113.8	<.001	0.857
6-class	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Bold font indicates the optimal model. Latent class models are controlled for confounding effects of sex and years of education. Non-convergence of the 6-class model indicated the extraction of too many classes.

BIC = Bayesian Information criterion. ssBIC = Sample-Size Adjusted BIC. VLMR = Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin adjusted likelihood ratio. BLR = bootstrap likelihood ratio.

Figure 1. Probabilities of DSM-5 PTSD symptom and dissociative subtype criteria by latent class.

Table 2. Means, standard deviations and unstandardized coefficients of regression analyses for latent classes predicting emotion dysregulation and depressive symptoms

	Emotion dysregulation (n = 198)					Depressive symptoms(n = 195)
Class	M	SD	B	95% CI	p	M	SD	B	95% CI	p
Class 1	103.3	26.1				26.2	12.7
Class 2	104.0	22.8	−2.4	−9.5; 10.9	.897	29.2	12.0	2.9	−2.1; −8.6	.255
Class 3	100.9	20.4	20.6	−12.7; 7.9	.644	22.5	10.6	−3.7	−8.6; 1.2	.140
Class 4	117.3	21.3	14.1	6.0; 22.1	<.001	34.2	9.5	8.0	4.0; 3.8	<.001
Class 5	123.9	21.5	0.8	6.7; 34.5	.004	36.8	11.0	10.6	3.8; −2.1	.002

Reference category is class 1.

Table 3. Sociodemographic characteristics in patient with and without D-PTSD (N = 210)

Characteristic	non-D-PTSD		D-PTSD		p
Age	37.3	(± 11.9 SD)	34.3	(± 11.3 SD)
	n	%	n	%
	133	64.3	74	35.7	.062
Gender^a
Female	76	56.3	52	69.3
Male	57	42.2	22	29.3
Years of School^b
<5 yrs.	29	21.5	18	24.0	n.s.
5–9 yrs.	48	35.6	33	44.0
10–13 yrs.	43	31.9	17	22.7
University degree	6	4.4	4	5.3
Others	4	3.0	1	1.3
Work status^c
Full-time	49	36.3	17	22.7	n.s.
Part-time	13	9.6	7	9.3
No work/other	67	49.7	46	61.3
Living status^d
Co-habiting	92	68.2	54	72.0	n.s.
Alone	35	25.9	19	25.3
Number of children^e
0	52	38.5	35	46.6	n.s.
1	33	24.4	15	20.0
2	21	15.6	11	14.7
≥ 3	21	15.6	11	14.7
Partnership^f
Yes	79	58.5	37	49.3	n.s.
No	51	37.8	36	48.0
Type of trauma(LEC)^g
Sexual assault (n = 201)	55	42.6	46	63.9	.005
Other unwanted	48	38.1	42	60.0	.004
sexual experience (n = 196)		80.8		72.0
Physical assault (n = 205)	105		54		n.s.

^aN = 207; ^bN = 204; ^cN = 199; ^dN = 200; ^eN = 199; ^fN = 203; ^gN = 350

Table 4. Clinical characteristics of patients with and without D-PTSD (N = 210)

	PTSD (n = 135, 64.3%)				D-PTSD (n = 75, 35.7%)
Characteristic	M	SD	Min	Max	M	SD	Min	Max	P
BDI	27.6	12.0	3	55	31.6*	11.8	6	54	.032
DERS	103.1	22.4	47	153	118.5**	19.1	71	163	<.001
FDS	16.45	14,97	0	74,5	31,57**	19,02	1	80,5	<.001
PCL-Score	46.1	15.1	7	80	53.3*	13.0	13	77	.001
CAPS-Score	36.6	9.9	17	62	43.7**	10.2	19	70	<.001

Table 5. Overlap of the LCA results and D-PTSD according to the CAPS-5 (N = 198)

	CAPS non-D-PTSD		CAPS D-PTSD
Characteristic	n	%	n	%
Class 1	51	40.5	4	5.6
Class 2	25	19.8	5	6.9
Class 3	19	15.1	12	16.7
Class 4	30	23.8	39	54.2
Class 5	1	0.8	12	16.7

Data availability statement

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. The data are not publicly available due to them containing information that could compromise research participant consent.