A transdiagnostic psychosocial prevention-intervention service for young people in the Republic of Georgia: early results of the effectiveness study

Figures & data

Table

• Psychoactive substance use

• Other addictive behaviour (gambling, gaming)

• Difficulties communicating with peers or adults

• Emotional problems – feeling sad, anger control issues, anxiety, etc.

• Behavioural difficulties, e.g. aggression

• Sleeping problems or somatic complains not caused by medical reasons – abdominal pain, headache, etc.

• Psycho-traumatic experience, e.g. abuse, bereavement, bullying.

Figure 1. Club Synergy Pathway for YP.

Table

Core Measures Completed by all Clients

• PHQ9^41 (validated measure of screening depression symptoms)

• GAD7^42 (validated measure of screening anxiety symptoms)

• EQ-5D^43 (validated measure of health-related quality of life)

• WHO ACE-IQ^44 (a measure of adverse childhood experiences)*

• Client Satisfaction Survey (only completed after intervention)

Optional Measures Completed at Discretion of Clinician/Consultant

• ITQ^45 (validated measure of PTSD)

• ASSIST^46 (validated measure of addictive behaviours)

• Lie/Bet Questionnaire^47 (validated measure of gambling)

Table 1. Sample characteristics (N = 174).

Characteristics	N = 174	%
Male	67	38.5
Female	107	61.5
14–17 year	60	34.5
18–21 year	63	36.2
22–25 year	51	29.3
General population (self-referred)	118	67.8
YP in Conflict with law (referred)	40	23.0
YP under State (foster) care (referred)	6	3.4
Internally displaced persons (self-referred)	2	1.1
Data missing	8	4.6

Table 2. Symptoms/difficulties experienced on enrolment in the service (N = 174).

	Male		Female		Total
	N	%	N	%	N	%
Emotional disturbances	40	59.7	88	82.2	128	73.6
Anxiety / restlessness	30	44.8	75	70.1	105	60.3
Problems in interpersonal relationships	31	46.3	69	64.5	100	57.5
Low mood	22	32.8	64	59.8	86	49.4
Sleep difficulties	27	40.3	53	49.5	80	46.0
Internalised difficulties (loneliness, social anxiety symptoms)	20	29.9	44	41.1	64	36.8
Self-esteem problems	14	20.9	45	42.1	59	33.9
Externalised difficulties (physical aggression, verbal bullying, defiance, theft)	16	23.9	23	21.5	39	22.4
Obsessive thoughts and behaviours	12	17.9	25	23.4	37	21.3
Psychosomatic complaints	6	9.0	27	25.2	33	19.0
Drug/substance use problems	16	23.9	8	7.5	24	13.8
Risk of suicide/suicidal ideation and plans	5	7.5	16	15.0	21	12.1
Video gaming	3	4.5	0	0	3	1.7
Gambling	2	3.0	0	0	2	1.1

Table 3. Results of the ACE questionnaire (N = 96).

ACE measurement (0–13)	Mean (min–max) score	Percentiles			N
		25	50	75
ACE binary	5.45 (0–12)	3.00	5.50	8.00	96
ACE frequency	3.06 (0–9)	1.00	2.00	5.00	96

Table 4. Number of ACEs in the Synergy clients (N = 96).

Number of ACEs (0–13)	Exhibited 0 ACE n (%)	1 ACE n (%)	2 ACEs n (%)	3 ACEs n (%)	More than 3 ACEs n (%)	N
ACE binary	9 (9.38)	2 (2.08)	5 (5.21)	10 (10.42)	70 (72.92)	96
ACE frequency	19 (19.79)	11 (11.46)	22 (22.92)	5 (5.21)	39 (40.63)	96

Table 5. Comparison of Pre-Post testing of key outcome measures (Median of the difference between pre- and post-tests).

	N	%	Pre-test median score (min–max)	Post-test median score (min–max)	Comparison pre-post testing outcomes p value	Median of the difference between pre and post test	95% CI
							Lower	Upper
Anxiety	61	98.4%	10.0 (0–20)	4.0 (0–15)	<0.01	−4.5	−5.5	−3.0
Anxiety_Funct imparment	59	95.2%	1.0 (0–3)	0.0 (0–3)	<0.01	−1.0	−1.0	−0.5
Health-related quality of life	52	83.9%	70.0 (20–100)	90.0 (40–100)	<0.01	10	7.5	15
Depression	61	98.4%	10.0 (1–26)	4.0 (0–19)	<0.01	−4	−5.5	−3.0
Depression_ Funct. impairment	58	93.5%	1.0 (0–3)	0.0 (0–3)	<0.01	−0.5	−1.0	−0.5

Data availability statement

Data can be made available upon request to the corresponding author.