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Research Article

Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Todd M. LickfettDepartment of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA;Region 6 Ecological Services, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lakewood, CO, USAView further author information

Erica ClarkDepartment of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA;Silver Spring, MD, USAView further author information

Thomas M. GehringDepartment of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USA

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6284-2156 View further author information

Elizabeth W. AlmDepartment of Biology and Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, USACorrespondence[email protected]

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-0627 View further author information

Figures & data

Figure 1. Environmental sampling sites. Locations of sampling sites in the lower-peninsula of Michigan, USA.

Table 1. Nucleotide sequences and gene target nucleotide position of the primers and probe used for Real-Time qRT-PCR amplification of the Influenza A matrix gene.

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Table 2. Distribution of water samples testing positive for the Influenza A matrix gene across 19 locations in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

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Table 3. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select water samples analyzed using the Cy₀ method. Samples were unfiltered or were concentrated using the cation-coated filter (CCF) method.

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Table 4. Distribution of faecal samples testing positive for the Influenza A matrix gene across 9 locations in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

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Table 5. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select fecal samples analyzed using the Cy₀ method.

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Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Table 1. Nucleotide sequences and gene target nucleotide position of the primers and probe used for Real-Time qRT-PCR amplification of the Influenza A matrix gene.

Table 2. Distribution of water samples testing positive for the Influenza A matrix gene across 19 locations in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

Table 3. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select water samples analyzed using the Cy₀ method. Samples were unfiltered or were concentrated using the cation-coated filter (CCF) method.

Table 4. Distribution of faecal samples testing positive for the Influenza A matrix gene across 9 locations in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

Table 5. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select fecal samples analyzed using the Cy₀ method.

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Detection of Influenza A viruses at migratory bird stopover sites in Michigan, USA

Figures & data

Table 1. Nucleotide sequences and gene target nucleotide position of the primers and probe used for Real-Time qRT-PCR amplification of the Influenza A matrix gene.

Table 2. Distribution of water samples testing positive for the Influenza A matrix gene across 19 locations in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

Table 3. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select water samples analyzed using the Cy0 method. Samples were unfiltered or were concentrated using the cation-coated filter (CCF) method.

Table 4. Distribution of faecal samples testing positive for the Influenza A matrix gene across 9 locations in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan, USA.

Table 5. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select fecal samples analyzed using the Cy0 method.

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Table 3. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select water samples analyzed using the Cy₀ method. Samples were unfiltered or were concentrated using the cation-coated filter (CCF) method.

Table 5. Quantity of Influenza A matrix gene molecules present in replicate reactions of select fecal samples analyzed using the Cy₀ method.