Seroprevalence of hemorrhagic septicemia in dairy cows in Assam, India

Figures & data

Table 1. Risk factors on farm and cow level for seropositivity for P multocida in Assam, India.

	Seropositive	Chi 2	P-value	Odds ratio (95% CI)
Herd level risk factors
Location
Urban	26/110 (23.6%)
Rural	54/114 (47.4%)	13.7	P < 0.001	2.9 (1.6–5.2)
Districts
Kamrup	26/75 (34.7%)
Baska	28/75(37.3%)
Golaghat	26/74 (35.1%	0.13	p > 0.9
Cow cleanliness level
Very clean	29/74 (39.2%)
Average	49/147 (33.3%)
Dirty	1/2 (50.0%)	2.73	P = 0.4
Cow shed cleanliness level
Very clean	29/69 (42.0%)
Average	44/139 (31.7%)
Dirty	6/15 (40%)	4.12	P = 0.25
Floor type
Concrete	70/191 (36.7%)
Not concrete	9/32 (28.1%)	2.68	P = 0.26
Disinfection frequency
Daily	1/2 (50%)
At least 1/week	4/16 (25.0%)
At least every month	14/46 (30.4%)
More seldom	7/22 (31.8%)	2.38	P = 0.67
Veterinary consultation frequency
Never	21/51 (41.2%)
Weekly (more than once per week)	0/3 (0%)
Monthly (more than once per month)	7/24 (29.2%)
Yearly	28/83 (33.7%)
More seldom	24/63 (38.1%)	3.07	P = 0.55
Training on farm management
Farmer had no training	73/202 (36.1%)
Farmer had training	7/22 (31.8%)	0.16	P = 0.69
Training on diseases
Farmer had no training	77/211 (36.5%)
Farmer had training	3/13 (23.1%)	0.96	P = 0.33
Rearing system
Fully stall fed/tied stall,	19/64 (29.7%)
Partly stall fed (grazing part time)	61/160 (38.1%)	1.42	P = 0.23
Introduction of new animals
Did not introduce animals last year	65/191 (34.0%)
Did introduce animals last year	15/33 (45.5%)	1.60	P = 0.21
Quarantine routines
No quarantine	79/219 (36.1%)
Has quarantine	1/4 (25.0%)	0.77	P = 0.7
Cow level risk factor
Breed
Cross-breed	31/168 (18.5%)
Local breeds	55/164 (33.5%)	9.8	0.002	2.2 (1.3–3.7)