Rethinking One Health approach in the challenging era of COVID-19 pandemic and natural disasters

Figures & data

Table 1. Health approach of shared environment, safe food systems, and shared medicines/interventions in the COVID-19 pandemic

Animal–environment–human interface	Examples of One Health approach to COVID-19
Shared environment	Identifying intermediate host(s) of SARS-CoV-2, cross-species transmission, and zoonotic transmission. Assessing human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to companion animals (e.g. dogs and cats), animals raised for commercial purposes (e.g. mink, cattle, pigs), wild/zoo animals (e.g. tigers), and impact of infection on these animals. Assessing whether companion animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is possible. Evaluating the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces, wastewater, and the air, and modeling the association of SARS-CoV-2 in the ecosystem.
Safe food and food system	Clarifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on current food systems. Establishing alternative food systems in terms of bioactive ingredients, food safety and security, and sustainability.
Shared medicines/interventions	Investigating medicines for treating COVID-19 originated from animal or plant agriculture. Using animal models for the development of antiviral therapy and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Developing the surveillance system for SARS-CoV-2 on humans, animals, and the environment.