Pseudomembranous aspergillar tracheobronchitis in a non-neutropenic critically ill patient in the intensive care unit

Figures & data

Figure1. Bronchoscopy revealing mucopurulent tracheobronchitis and a well-demarcated area of increased friability with white-colored pseudomembrane involving the carina and right upper bronchus.

Figure 2. Brushing from the pseudomembrane showing clusters of septate fungal hyphae with a positive potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation.

Table 1. Risk factors for IA in non-neutropenic patients during critical illness.

Risk factors	References
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	[2–4,7–9]
Diabetes mellitus	[4,6,8,10]
Liver cirrhosis or acute hepatic failure	[2,4,6–8]
Chronic renal failure with hemodialysis	[4,6,11]
Prolonged high-dose systemic corticosteroid use (>3 weeks, prednisone equivalent >20–30 mg/day)	[2,4,5,7,10,12]
Near-drowning	[4,13,14]
Malnutrition	[10]
Advanced age	[10]
Prolonged antibiotic administration	[4,10]

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