Anti-atherosclerotic effect of incretin mimetics: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Figures & data

Table 1. Summary of included studies.

First author (trial name)	Year	Study design	Follow-up period	Study population	Treatment	Number of patients
Mita (SPEAD-A)	2016	Prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint, multicenter, parallel-group comparative study	24 months	Type 2 DM	Alogliptin versus	341
					Conventional
Mita (SPIKE)	2016	Prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint, multicenter, parallel-group comparative study	24 months	Type 2 DM on insulin	Sitagliptin versus	282
					Conventional
Oyama (PROLOGUE)	2016	Prospective, randomized, open-label, multicenter, blinded endpoint study	24 months	Type 2 DM	Sitagliptin versus	442
					Conventional
Ishikawa	2014	Prospective, randomized, open-label, single-center, parallel-group, comparative trial	12 months	IGT or mild type 2 DM	Sitagliptin versus	76
					Conventional
Dejgaard	2016	Randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-group trial	6 months	Type 1 DM	Liraglutide versus	100
					Conventional

Abbreviation: DM: Diabetes Mellitus; IGT: Impaired Glucose Tolerance; PROLOGUE: Program of Vascular Evaluation under Glucose Control by DPP-4 Inhibitor; SPEAD-A: The Study of Preventive Effects of Alogliptin on Diabetic Atherosclerosis; SPIKE: The Sitagliptin Preventive Study of Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation.

Table 2. Demographic features.

	MITA (SPEAD-A)		MITA (SPIKE)		Oyama (PROLOGUE)		Ishikawa		Dejgaard
Treatment	Alogliptin	Conventional	Sitagliptin	Conventional	Sitagliptin	Conventional	Sitagliptin	Conventional	Liraglutide	Conventional
Age, Mean (SD)	64.4 (9.8)	64.8 (9.1)	63.8 (9.7)	63.6 (10.0)	69.2 (9.3)	69.2 (9.2)	73.7 (7.3)	69.0 (8.0)	47 (13)	49 (12)
Male (n)	101	98	83	82	146	151	32	33	30	35
Hypertension (n)	90	91	75	86	181	166	-	-	25	30
Dyslipidemia (n)	86	94	91	84	163	148	-	-	33	38
ACEI and/or ARBs (n)	79	72	61	73	-	-	30	31	18	30
BMI, Mean (SD)	24.6 (4.3)	24.9 (3.7)	25 (4.3)	25 (3.8)	-	-	25.3 (3.9)	23.8 (3.8)	30.3 (3.5)	29.8 (3.1)
CIMT, Mean (SD)	0.83 (15)	0.83 (0.17)	0.84 (0.19)	0.84 (.21)	0.82 (0.16)	0.83 (0.19)	1.11 (0.42)	1.07 (0.42)	0.69 (0.04)	0.71 (0.04)
HbA1c %, Mean (SD)	7.3 (0.8)	7.2 (0.8)	8.1 (1.1)	8.0 (1.0)	6.96 (0.64)	6.96 (0.55)	5.77 (0.31)	5.49 (0.29)	8.7 (0.7)	8.7 (0.7)
TC (mmol/L), Mean (SD)	5 (0.77)	5.01 (0.75)	5.02 (0.91)	4.94 (0.86)	-	-	4.18 (0.78)	4.18 (0.78)	-	-
LDL (mmol/L), Mean (SD)	2.89 (0.68)	2.93 (0.64)	2.85 (0.78)	2.78 (0.70)	2.45 (0.67)	2.41 (0.73)	2.44 (0.44)	2.44 (0.54)	-	-
HDL (mmol/L), Mean (SD)	1.47 (0.38)	1.41 (0.36)	1.46 (0.37)	1.39 (0.38)	-	-	1.34 (0.34)	1.39 (0.35)	-	-
FBG (mmol/L), Mean (SD)	7.81 (1.5)	7.85 (1.98)	8.64 (2.85)	8.42 (2.55)	7.67 (2.31)	7.49 (2.05)	5.9 (0.49)	6.0 (0.64)	-	-
Systolic blood pressure, Mean (SD)	130 (16)	132 (15)	130 (16)	132 (14)	130 (15.7)	128.8 (16.5)	130.2 (7.0)	128.9 (9.8)	131 (15)	130 (16)
eGFR, Mean (SD)	78 (20)	77 (18)	77 (21.2)	79.7 (24.2)	66.5 (17.4)	66.8 (18.1)	-	-	-	-

Abbreviation: ACEI: Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor; ARBs: Angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI: Body mass index; CIMT: Carotid intima-media thickness; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; FBG: Fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: Hemoglobin A1c; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; n: Number of patients; PROLOGUE: Program of Vascular Evaluation under Glucose Control by DPP-4 Inhibitor; SD: Standard deviation; SPEAD-A: The Study of Preventive Effects of Alogliptin on Diabetic Atherosclerosis; SPIKE: The Sitagliptin Preventive Study of Intima-Media Thickness Evaluation; TC: Triglyceride.

Figure 1. Preferred Reporting Items for Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Diagram.

Figure 2. Forest plots summarizing the short term (6–12 months) changes of the carotid intima-media thickness.

Figure 3. Forest plots summarizing the Long term (24 months) changes of the carotid intima-media thickness.