Obstructive sleep apnea and peripheral vascular disease: a systematic review based on current literature

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram.

Table 1. Baseline patient characteristics of included studies.

Patient characteristics	Vogel, G (2012)	Weisser, J (2012)	Adam, L (2013)	Pizarro, C (2014)	Chen, JC (2015)	Romero, AJ (2013)	Nagayoshi, M (2016)		Schahab, N (2016)	Utriainen, K (2013)	Schaefer, CA (2015)	Shah, N (2015)
							Cross-section analysis	Prospective analysis
N	51	87	90	91	47,268 PAD = 11,817; controls = 35,451	238	1844 PAD = 101; controls = 1743	5365	59	82	100	8367
M/F	40/11	68/19	NA	65/26	PAD: 5092/6725; controls: 15,276/20,175 p > 0.9	193/45	843/1001	2575/2790	40/19	52/30	77/23	PAD: 127/263; controls: 3614/4363
Age (mean SD) years	62 ± 11	59.6 ± 13.2	NA	69.3 ± 10.8	60.0 ± 15.3	60 ± 9.6	69.1 ± 9	59.6 ± 9.1	71.1 ± 9.8	67 ± 9	59 ± 13	56–60.7
BMI mean SD (kg/m)	NA	NA	NA	26.8 ± 3.9	NA	30 ± 3.8	29 ± 5.3	Apnea group: 32.1 ± 6.2	27.7 ± 4.3	27 ± 4.1	32.10 ± 6.58	29.8
HTN	NA	NA	NA	NA	PAD: 52.2% (n = 6163); controls: 39.4% (n = 13,962) p < 0.001	NA	NA	Apnea group: 51.6% (n= 94)	96.6% (n = 57)	76% (n = 62)	63% (n = 63)	PAD: 63.9% (n = 249); controls: 41.3% (n = 3294) p < 0.0001
DM	NA	NA	NA	NA	PAD: 30.8% (n = 3643); controls: 19.5% (n = 6923) p < 0.001	NA	NA	Apnea group = 12.1% (n = 22)	33.9% (n = 20)	43% (n = 35)	26 (n = 26)	PAD: 44.7% (n = 174); controls: 26.5% (n = 2114) p < 0.0001
Hyperlipidemia	NA	NA	NA	NA	PAD: 35.7% (n = 4220); controls: 23.6% (n = 8356) p < 0.001	NA	NA	NA	57.6% (n = 34)	n (%) 45	45% (n = 45)	PAD: 50.1% (n = 195); controls: 44.3% (n = 3533) p = 0.122
Smoking	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	38% (n = 31)	45% (n = 45)	PAD: 58.2% (n = 227); controls: 43.5% (n = 3392) p = 0.001
CAD	NA	NA	NA	NA	PAD: 26.5% (n = 3132); controls: 17.9% (n = 6362) p < 0.001	100%	NA	NA	59% (n = 35)	37% (n = 30)	20% (n = 20)	NA

Table 2. Polysomnography results.

Studies included	N	Overall OSA prevalence	Polysomnography results				Mean ODI (events/h)	Mean ESS value
			Mean AHI	Mild OSA	Moderate OSA	Severe OSA
				AHI 5–15 events/h	AHI 15 – 30 events/h	AHI > 30 events/h
Vogel, G 2012	52	98% (n = 51)	39 ± 25	15	16	20	–	10.3 ± 5.4
Weisser, J 2012	87	91% (n = 79)	35.64 ± 26.83	11	27	41	30.73 ± 25.57	9.05 ± 5.1
Adam, L 2013	90	87.8% (n = 79)	35.64 ± 26.83	11	27	41	30.73 ± 25.57	9.05 ± 5.1
Utriainen, K 2013	82	85% (n = 70)	–	23	23	24	Overall = 23 (range 8–34)	Overall = 5.2 (0–17)
Chen, JC 2013	47,268	0.6%	–	–	–	–	–	–
Romero, AJ 2013	238	46% (n = 111)	–	–	–	–	–	–
Shah, N 2015	8367	35% (n = 2926)	No-PAD = 8.63 PAD = 11.14 p = 0.047	1859	686	381	–	No-PAD = 5.9 PAD = 5.7 p = 0.639
Schaefer, CA 2015	100	90% (n = 90)	34.9 ± 26.8	13	33	44	30.1 ± 25.3	9.94 ± 4.20
Pizarro, C 2015	91	70% (n = 64)	11.8 ± 13.4	–	–	–	8.9 ± 14.2	–
Nagayoshi, M 2016	1844	64.8% (n = 1194)	–	583	340	271	–	–
	5365	3.4% (n= 182)	–	–	–	–	–	–
Schahab, N 2017	59	60.4% (n = 29)	23.5 ± 16.5	14	8	7	20.9 ± 19.1	–