Systematic review of pharmacoeconomic models for schizophrenia

Figures & data

Figure 1. Screening process.

Table 1. Summary of studies included in the analysis.

Comparison area	Description	N
Type of analysis	Cost-utility analysis	48
	Cost-effectiveness analysis	26
	Cost analysis	5
Type of model	Cohort-level Markov model	32
	Decision tree model	29
	Discrete event simulation model	10
	Patient-level Markov model	4
	Other models	4
Country/region	United States	17
	United Kingdom	9
	Canada	6
	Sweden	6
	Germany	3
	Spain	3
	Belgium, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Greece, Thailand	Each = 2
	Australia, Brazil, China, Croatia, Czech Republic, Italy, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Uganda, Vietnam	Each = 1
	Multi-regions	3
	NR	1
Perspective	Payer perspective	68
	Societal perspective	5
	NR	7
Patient population	Patients with general schizophrenia	73
	Patients entered model at acute phase	15
	Patients entered model at stable phase	21
	NR	37
	Patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia	6
	Patients with early schizophrenia	1
Type of comparison	Pharmacotherapy comparisons	71
	Olanzapine	51
	Risperidone	50
	Haloperidol	30
	Aripiprazole	19
	Paliperidone	19
	Quetiapine	17
	Ziprasidone	15
	Clozapine	6
	Amisulpride	5
	Chlorpromazine	5
	Sertindole	3
	Lurasidone	2
	Zotepine	2
	Zuclopenthixol	2
	Asenapine, Flupentixol, Fluphenazine, Sulpiride, Trifluoperazine, Placebo	Each = 1
	Typical antipsychotics	9
	Atypical antipsychotics	8
	No treatment	5
	Scenario comparisons	8
	Adherence-level comparison	4
	Brand-generic switch comparison	2
	Treatment sequence comparison	2
Economic outcomes	Time spent in status
	QALY	40
	Duration of relapse	11
	Duration of being stable	9
	DALY	8
	Life year	2
	Duration of being on 1st-line treatment	1
	Duration of EPS	1
	Number of patients with outcome
	No. of patients with relapse	14
	No. of patients stable	8
	No. of patients on 1st line treatment after 1 year	1
	No. of patients employable	1
	No. of patient with metabolic syndrome	1
	No. of patients with type 2 diabetes	1
	Number of outcomes per patient
	No. of relapses per patient	14
	Others
	Difference in costs	6
	Cost per score of PANSS decreased	4
Timeframe	16-week	1
	26-week	1
	1-year	32
	2-year	4
	3-year	2
	5-year	26
	10-year	4
	lifetime	12

DALY, disability-adjusted life years; EPS, extrapyramidal symptoms; No., number; NR, not reported; PANSS, positive and negative symptom score; QALY, quality-adjusted life years.