Changes in smoking prevalence and cessation support, and factors associated with successful smoking cessation in Swedish patients with asthma and COPD

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flow chart.

Flow chart of cohorts and data collection for the three major research questions of the study. PRAXIS I is referring to the first cohort from 2005, PRAXIS IB to the follow-up in 2012 of the first cohort, and PRAXIS II to the second cohort from 2014/2015. PHCCs = primary health care centers.

Table 1. Patient characteristics.

	Asthma			COPD
Characteristics	PRAXIS I N = 1195	PRAXIS II N = 1291	Characteristics	PRAXIS I N = 1089	PRAXIS II 1329
Sex n (%)			Sex, n (%)
Male	475 (40)	498 (39)	Male	451 (41)	584 (44)
Female	720 (60)	793 (61)	Female	638 (59)	745 (56)
Age, n (%)			Age, n (%)
≤55	685 (57)	605 (47)	≤65	549 (50)	416 (31)
56–65	294 (25)	279 (22)	66–70	281 (26)	408 (31)
>65	216 (18)	407 (31)	>70	259 (24)	505 (38)
Age mean (SD)	50 (15)	54 (16)	Age mean (SD)	64 (8)	61 (14)
Smokers, n (%)	125 (11)	74 (6)	Smokers, n (%)	308 (28)	345 (26)

Data presented as numbers and column percentages. PRAXIS I is referring to the first cohort in 2005, and PRAXIS II to the second cohort in 2014/2015. The alternative age intervals refer to the different age intervals in the asthma and respectively COPD cohorts. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD: standard deviations; Smokers: current daily smokers.

Figure 2. Smoking prevalence stratified by sex and obstructive disease.

Prevalence of smoking in the two cohorts 2005 and 2014/15 stratified by sex and obstructive disease with 95% confidence interval. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Figure 3. Smoking support.

Available smoking cessation support in primary health care and in secondary care, 2005 vs. 2012.

Table 2. Factors associated with successful smoking cessation.

	Men with asthma		Women with asthma
Variables	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value	P for interaction
High cardiovascular risk factor level	27.9 (1.73–450)	0.02	2.47 (0.48–12.8)	0.28	0.07
Higher level of education	0.33 (0.02–4.56)	0.41	4.76 (1.22–18.7)	0.03	0.04
High cardiovascular risk factor level	5.26 (0.94–29.6)	0.060	1.23 (0.49–3.08)	0.65	0.14
Higher level of education	0.49 (0.12–2.01)	0.32	0.78 (0.33–1.87)	0.58	0.53

Multivariable analysis stratified for sex and obstructive disease. The multivariable models included the explanation variables high cardiovascular risk factor level and higher educational level, as they were statistically significant in univariable analysis. OR: Odds Ratio; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.