Amoxicillin is associated with a lower risk of further antibiotic prescriptions for lower respiratory tract infections in primary care – A database analysis spanning over 30 years

Figures & data

Table 1. Univariable analysis for repeat antibiotic prescription with LRTI code (total number 366,640).

	Receiving second antibiotic course for LRTI
Analysed variable	Yes	No	Calculation	p value
Age (years)	57.5 ± 16.6	54.1 ± 17.7	MD −3.4 (95% CI −3.6 to −3.1)	< 0.001
Smoking status
Non-smoker	8,528 (6.6%)	121,363 (93.4%)	OR 1.00
Current smoker	5,135 (5.2%)	93,929 (94.8%)	OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.75–0.81)	< 0.001
Ex-smoker	7,208 (6.8%)	98,737 (93.2%)	OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07)	0.02
Missing			n = 31,740
Index drug
Amoxicillin	13,905 (5.8%)	224,716 (94.2%)	OR 1.00
Not amoxicillin	7,323 (6.6%)	103,339 (93.4%)	OR 1.15 (95% CI 1.11–1.18)	< 0.001
Missing			n = 17,357
Index antibiotic duration
7 days	16,732 (6.2%)	254,769 (93.8%)	OR 1.00
< 7 days	4,904 (5.8%)	80,188 (94.2%)	OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.96)	< 0.001
> 7 days	540 (5.4%)	9,507 (94.6%)	OR 0.86 (95% CI 0.79–0.94)	0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	28.5 ± 6.3	28.1 ± 6.7	MD −0.46 (95% CI −0.6 to −0.4)	< 0.001
Gender
Female	12,957 (6.1%)	199,185 (93.9%)	1.00	0.08
Male	9219 (6.0%)	145,279 (94.0%)	OR 0.98 (95% CI 0.95–1.00)

(Mean ±SD or absolute number +row % where appropriate; SD: standard deviation; OR: odds ratio; 95% CI: 95% Confidence interval; MD: mean difference; p value as per students T-test or Chi-Square)

Figure 1. Percentage of all prescriptions of specified index duration and index antibiotic receiving second antibiotic prescription for LRTI (a) or any indication (b) within 14 days of index antibiotic prescription, by index duration and antibiotic group. (*p < 0.005 by Chi-square test).