Danish translation and linguistic validation of the multidimensional dyspnea profile

Figures & data

Figure 1. Forward translation. Figure 1 illustrates the forward translation process as described by the MAPI guidelines [33]

Table 1. Characteristics of patients interviewed for the study (n = 6)

Male/female (n)	4/2
Age, median year (range)	69 (54–86)
Diagnoses	Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [2] Heart failure [1] Pneumothorax [1] Asthma [1] Acute respiratory insufficiency [1]

Linguistic Validation Guidance of a Clinical Outcome Assessment (COA). Published by Mapi Research Trust 2018, Mapi Language Group; 2018. [email protected]

 Google Scholar

Stevens Jenifer P, Dechen T, Schwartzstein R, et al. Prevalence of dyspnea among hospitalized patients at the time of admission. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2019;56(1):15–6. .

 Web of Science ®Google Scholar

https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases [Internet]. https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. 2014. Available from: https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases

 Google Scholar