In bronchiectasis, poor physical capacity correlates with poor quality of life

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinical characteristics of bronchiectasis patients with and without poor quality of life.

	Poor QoL	Others	p-Value
N = 92, Missing n = 3	n= 23/24%	n = 69/73%
Age, median	72	71	0.18
Gender, female	95.7	75.4	0.03
Ever-smokers (%)	21.7	36.2	0.2
BMI, mean (±SD)	26.8 (5.2)	25.7 (5.5)	0.37
FEV1%, mean (±SD)	84.3 (31.4)	88.9 (21.4)	0.22
mMRC, mean (±SD)	2.43 (0.896)	1.49 (1.093)	< 0.01
BSI (±SD)	10.5 (3.8)	6.9 (4.0)	< 0.01
FACED, mean (±SD)	3.1 (1.3)	2.5 (1.5)	0.05
Exacerbations (median)	4	2	< 0.01
Extensive disease (%)	87	62.3	0.03
Ever had bacterial colonisation (%)	43.5	30.4	0.25
Cystic changes (%)	13	5.8	0.26
Aetiology (%)
Idiopathic	21.7	47.8	0.03
Asthma	39.1	23.2	0.14
Postinfectious	8.7	11.6	0.7
Other	30.4	17.4	0.18

BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); FEV1%: FEV1/FVC: forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity; QoL: quality of life; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; BSI: bronchiectasis severity index.

Table 2. QoLq symptom domains and the interquartile ranges for all patients, patients with poor quality of life and the others.

	All (N = 92)						Poor QoL (n = 23)		Others (n = 69)
QoLq domain	Median	IQR	Q1 (0–25%)	Q2 (25–50%)	Q3 (50–75%)	Q4 (75–100%)	Median	IQR	Median	IQR	p -Value
Physical	60	60	19.7	34.2	70.1	88.7	13.3	27	73.3	43	<0.01
Role	60	46.7	29.6	49.9	75.1	93.9	33.3	26.7	80	40	<0.01
Vitality	50	33.4	31.4	44.9	54.6	72.9	33.3	22.2	55.6	22.3	<0.01
Emotion	75	25	51.1	68.8	87.3	92.8	50	25	83.3	25	<0.01
Social	58.3	41.7	34.1	49.6	65.1	77.1	33.3	33.3	66.7	27.8	<0.01
Treatment burden	77.8	44.4	51.9	69.6	78.8	88.4	44.4	33.4	77.8	33.3	<0.01
Health	41.7	33.3	26.2	31.9	48.2	69.2	25	16.6	50	33.4	<0.01
Respiration	57.45	30	35.4	50.8	62.3	74.9	37	15	63	28	<0.01
Summary	450	260.5	261.9	392.8	524.1	644.9	270.8	82.8	529.6	117.3	<0.01

Q1–Q4 quarters are introduced as mean values.

Table 3. Correlation of mMRC score and BSI with various symptom domains.

Domain	mMRC (N = 92)	p-Value	BSI (N = 88)	p-Value
Physical	−0.57	0.00	−0.59	0.00
Role	−0.46	0.00	−0.47	0.00
Vitality	−0.34	0.01	−0.34	0.01
Emotion	−0.25	0.02	−0.34	0.01
Social	−0.23	0.03	−0.24	0.02
Treatment burden	−0.21	0.05	−0.41	0.00
Health	−0.32	0.01	−0.44	0.00
Respiration	−0.29	0.01	−0.39	0.00

mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; BSI: bronchiectasis severity index.

Table 4. Risk factors for poor quality of life in bronchiectasis.

Adjusted age and gender
	p-Value	Ext(B)	95% CI for EXP(B)
Gender (women)	0.06
Age	0.21
Cardiovascular disease	0.44	1.571	0.5	4.93
Psychiatric disisease	0.07	0.224	0.05	1.12
Connective tissue disease	0.21	0.974	0.93	1.02
BMI	0.3	0.951	0.87	1.05
FEV1%	0.27	1.013	0.99	1.04
Asthma diagnosis	0.28	0.532	0.17	1.66
Asthma aetiology	0.18	0.979	0.94	1.4
Exacerbations	0.00	1.718	1.29	2.3
FACED	0.16	1.354	0.89	2.05
BSI	<0.01	1.258	1.09	1.46
mMRC	<0.01	0.427	0.25	0.73
Extensive disease	0.05	3.687	0.97	14.02
Have ever bacterial colonisation	0.21	0.518	0.19	1.43
Frequent exacerbator ≥3/year	<0.01	4.946	1.69	14.44

BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); FEV1%: FEV1/FVC: forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity; QoL: quality of life; BSI: bronchiectasis severity index; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council.

Table 5. Characteristics of two sub-group, BE patients with 0–2 exacerbations annually and BE patients with ≥3 exacerbations annually.

	N	Exacerbation 0–2/year	Exacerbation ≥ 3/year	p-Value
Gender, female, N (%)	95	45 (80.4)	30 (76.9)	0.69^1
Age, median (IQR)	95	71 (65.5–76)	72 (58–78)	0.79^2
BMI, mean (±SD)	92	25.6 (5.7)	26.6 (4.9)	0.40^3
Ever-smokers, N (%)	95	20 (35.7)	12 (30.8)	0.62^1
FEV1%, mean (±SD)	90	93.2 (23.8)	79.1 (22.6)	<0.01^3
Exacerbations, median (IQR)	95	1 (0–2)	4 (3–5)	<0.01^2
Extensive disease, N (%)	95	34 (60.7)	31 (79.5)	0.05^1
Ever had bacterial colonisation, N (%)	95	11 (19.6)	21 (53.8)	<0.01^1
Cystic changes, N (%)	95	4 (7.1)	5 (12.8)	0.48^4
Poor QoL, N (%)	92	8 (14.8)	15 (39.5)	<0.01^1
mMRC, median (IQR)	95	1 (1–2)	2 (1–3)	<0.01^2
BSI, mean (±SD)	91	5.9 (3.2)	10.5 (3.9)	<0.01^3
FACED, mean (±SD)	95	2.4 (1.5)	2.9 (1.5)	0.12^3
Aetiology
Idiopathic, N (%)	95	26 (46.4)	15 (38.5)	0.44^1
Asthma, N (%)	95	13 (23.2)	12 (30.8)	0.41^1
Postinfectious, N (%)	95	7 (12.5)	3 (7.7)	0.52^4
Other, N (%)	95	10 (17.9)	9 (23.1)	0.53^1

BMI: body mass index (kg/m²); FEV1%: FEV1/FVC: forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity; QoL: quality of life; mMRC: modified Medical Research Council; BSI: bronchiectasis severity index.

1. χ² test; 2. MWU test; 3. t-test; 4. Fisher’s exact test.

Table 6. Quality of life domains of all and of those with at least three annual exacerbations compared to the others.

	All (N = 92)	Frequent exacerbators (n = 38)	Others (n = 54)
Domain	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	p-Value
Physical	60 (31.9)	42.1 (30)	65.4 (32)	0.01
Role	60 (27.9)	50.2 (26)	70.5 (27)	<0.01
Vitality	50 (20.7)	47.9 (19)	53.1 (21)	0.24
Emotion	75 (22.2)	70.2 (24)	78.4 (20)	0.11
Social	58 (24.4)	51.1 (26)	60.2 (23)	0.14
Treatment burden	77.8 (24.8)	59.5 (25)	81.1 (20)	<0.01
Health	41.7 (21.1)	35.6 (18)	49.7 (22)	<0.01
Respiration	57 (19.7)	49.6 (20)	60.3 (18)	0.14
Summary	450 (151.8)	398.3 (147)	496.5 (143)	<0.01