Trust matters: cross-disciplinary essays

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Notes

1 Sergio Lo Iacono and Martina Testori (chapter 3) note that in ‘2020 alone, the number of academic publications on trust was about 2,400, in line with a general increase over the years’ and that ‘today trust publications account for roughly 1% of the total publications in economics, sociology, philosophy and psychology’ (35–36).

2 Niklas Luhmann, Trust and Power: Two Works (Wiley 1979) 4.

3 Russell J Dalton, Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: The Erosion of Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies (Oxford University Press 2004) 159.

4 Some examples of arguably legal theory work that draw on the concept of trust are: Anthony J Bellia, Jr, ‘Promises, Trust, and Contract Law’ (2002) 47 American Journal of Jurisprudence 25; Margaret M Blair and Lynn A Stout, ‘Trust, Trustworthiness, and the Behavioral Foundations of Corporate Law’ (2001) 149 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1735; Roger Cotterrell, ‘Trusting in Law: Legal and Moral Concepts of Trust’ (1993) 46 Current Legal Problems 75; Frank B Cross, ‘Law and Trust’ (2005) 93 Georgetown Law Journal 1457; Mark A Hall, ‘Law, Medicine, and Trust’ (2002) 55 Stanford Law Review 463; Matthew Harding, ‘Manifesting Trust’ (2009) 29 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 245; Matthew Harding, ‘Responding to Trust’ (2011) 24 Ratio Juris 75.

5 See David Vitale, ‘A Trust Network Model for Social Rights Fulfilment’ (2018) 38 Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 706; David Vitale, ‘The Relational Impact of Social Rights Judgments: A Trust-Based Analysis’ (2022) 42 Legal Studies 408; David Vitale and Raphaël Girard, ‘Public Trust and the Populist Leader: A Theoretical Argument’ (2022) 11 Global Constitutionalism 548.

6 Onora O’Neill, ‘Trust, Trustworthiness and Accountability’ in Nicholas Morris and David Vines (eds), Capital Failure: Rebuilding Trust in Financial Institutions (Oxford University Press 2014); Mark E Warren, ‘Democratic Theory and Trust’ in Mark E Warren (ed), Democracy and Trust (Cambridge University Press 1999); Mark E Warren, ‘What Kinds of Trust Does a Democracy Need? Trust from the Perspective of Democratic Theory’ in Sonja Zmerli and Tom WG van der Meer (eds), Handbook on Political Trust (Edward Elgar 2017); Mark Warren, ‘Trust and Democracy’ in Eric M Uslaner (ed), The Oxford Handbook of Social and Political Trust (Oxford University Press 2018).

7 Warren, ‘What Kinds of Trust’, ibid 35.

8 Tom R Tyler and Peter Degoey, ‘Trust in Organizational Authorities: The Influence of Motive Attributions on Willingness to Accept Decisions’ in Roderick M Kramer and Tom R Tyler (eds), Trust in Organizations: Frontiers of Theory and Research (Sage Publications 1996) 336.

9 Sacha Prechal, ‘Mutual Trust Before the Court of Justice of the European Union’ (2017) 2 European Papers 75, 76.

10 Russell Hardin, Trust (Polity 2006) 42. See also Russell Hardin, ‘Conceptions and Explanations of Trust’ in Karen S Cook (ed), Trust in Society (Russell Sage Foundation 2001) 8–9.

11 For example, see Annette Baier, ‘Trust and Antitrust’ (1985) 96 Ethics 231; Katherine Hawley, How to Be Trustworthy (Oxford University Press 2019); Richard Holton, ‘Deciding to Trust, Coming to Believe’ (1994) 72 Australasian Journal of Philosophy 63; Karen Jones, ‘Trust as an Affective Attitude’ (1996) 107 Ethics 4.

12 See Philip Pettit, ‘Republican Theory and Political Trust’ in Valerie Braithwaite and Margaret Levi (eds), Trust & Governance (Russell Sage Foundation 1998) 298–99; Susan Shapiro, ‘The Social Control of Impersonal Trust’ (1987) 93 American Journal of Sociology 623; Piotr Sztompka, Trust: A Sociological Theory (Cambridge University Press 1999) 87. See also Russell Hardin, ‘Trustworthiness’ (1996) 107 Ethics 26; Russell Hardin, Trust and Trustworthiness (Russell Sage Foundation 2004).

13 This does not mean, however, that there cannot be some constraints on the trustee – which is effectively what the idea of impersonal or secondary trust recognises.

14 Russell Hardin, ‘The Street-Level Epistemology of Trust’ (1993) 21 Politics and Society 505, 516.