The EU sustainable finance taxonomy and its contribution to climate neutrality

Figures & data

Figure 1. Respondents in the EU consultation.

Note: Total of 355 organisations and 1672 responses.

Figure 2. Two different applications of the Taxonomy. Source: own depiction.

Figure 3. Three channels relating the Taxonomy to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Figure 4. Greenhouse gas emissions, gross value added and employment per NACE sector (level 1 and 2). Notes: Sectors in light blue are (partly) addressed by the Taxonomy, sectors in dark blue are not covered by the Taxonomy. Sectoral emissions are presented at NACE 2 level where available, and at level 1 where no lower level exists (e.g. sectors D and G) or overall emissions of the sector are low. Source: Data for 2017 from Eurostat.

Table 1. Expanded classification of economic activities in the EU Taxonomy and their allignment with climate neutrality.

Economic activities	Included in the EU Taxonomy				Not included in EU Taxonomy
	Green	Supporting	Transforming		High emissions	Low emissions
Example	Renewable energy	Grid expansion, energy storage	Passenger cars and light commercial vehicles	Raw materials industry, building refurbishment	Air traffic, wholesale and retail trade	Education, health and social work
Current threshold	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No threshold provided	No threshold needed
Future threshold	Yes	Yes	Yes	No path way provided	No threshold provided	No threshold needed

Figure 5. Perspectives on the threshold for passenger cars and commercial vehicles.

Note: n=40 respondents.

Figure 6. Perspectives of stakeholders on the building renovation threshold.

Note: n=42 respondents.

Figure 7. Perspectives of stakeholders on the threshold for the cement sector.

Note: n=17 respondents.

Table

			Category
Activity	Mitigation Criteria and Thresholds – TEG final report	Mitigation Criteria and Thresholds – Draft Delegated Act	Green / Enabling	Transition with pathway		Transition without pathway	#responses in EU consultation
Agriculture and forestry
Afforestation	1) Compliance with Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), demonstrated every 10 years through a forest management plan; 2) verified GHG balance baseline; 3) Increase of above ground carbon stock over 20 years (compared to baseline, disclosed every 10 years)	1) Afforestation plan/ forest management plan (10 years or more); 2) climate benefit analysis (net balance after 20 years higher than baseline; controlled and certified every 5 years) 3) Additionality (activity is not compulsory or customary, certified) 4) Guarantee of permanence	x				33
Reforestation			x				26
Rehabilitation, Restoration	1) Compliance with Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), demonstrated every 10 years through a forest management plan; 2) verified GHG balance baseline; 3) Increase of above ground carbon stock over forest rotation period (compared to baseline, disclosed every 10 years)		x				21
Improved forest management (formerly: Existing forest management)	1) Compliance with Sustainable Forest Management (SFM), demonstrated every 10 years through a forest management plan; 2) verified GHG balance baseline; 3) Maintain or increase of above ground carbon stock over forest rotation period (compared to baseline, disclosed every 10 years)		x				41
Conservation forest			x				0
Growing of perennial crops	1) Avoid or reduce 2020 GHG emissions (trajectory: 20% by 2030, 30% by 2040 vs. 2020) through a farm sustainability management plan; 2) maintain or increase above and below carbon stock over 20 years (audited); 3) no production on protected land (wetland, forests, peatland)	1) protection of non-agricultural land (wetlands, forests, peatland), permanent grassland is maintained 2) A Farm Sustainability Plan sets out the strategy to contribute to climate change mitigation by a) reducing greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions and b) strengthening land carbon sinks 3) compliance with essential management practices 4) farm records: yearly record of climate performance 5) third party verification of Farm Sustainability Plan and yearly records (at start and every three years thereafter)				x	30
Growing of non-perennial crops						x	29
Livestock production						x	29
Restoration of wetlands	not included in TEG report	1) Restoration plan (consistent with Ramsar Convention Guidelines; verified every 5 years) 2) climate benefit analysis (net balance after 20 years higher than baseline, veryfied every 5 years) 3) Additionality 4) Guarantee of permanence	x				-
Manufacturing
Manufacture of low carbon technologies	List of products & technologies for eligible renewable energy technologies; vehicles with low or zero tailpipe emissions; energy efficient equipment for buildings, etc.	now subdivided into below categories	x				71
Manufacture of renewable energy technologies	part of low-carbon technologies in the TEG report	The economic activity manufactures renewable energy technologies, is an enabling activity, it is an activity classified under NACE codes C.25 (fabricated metal products), C.27 (electrical equipment), C.28 (machinery and equipment)	x
Manufacture of equipment for the production of hydrogen	part of low-carbon technologies in the TEG report	The economic activity manufactures hydrogen electrolysis technologies, It is an enabling activity, the activity is classified under NACE codes C.25, C.27, C.28	x
Manufacture of low carbon technologies for transport	part of low-carbon technologies in the TEG report	Manufacture of low carbon transport vehicles, fleets and vessels and key components (for all transport modes specified in transport activities), it is an enabling activity, it is an activity classified under NACE codes C.27, C.29 (motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers), C.30 (other transport equipment)	x
Manufacture of energy efficiency equipment for buildings	part of low-carbon technologies in the TEG report	Manufacture of energy efficiency equipment for buildings, It is an enabling activity, classified under NACE codes C.16, C.17, C.22, C.23, C.25, C.27, C.28, see list of eligible components	x
Manufacture of other low carbon technologies	part of low-carbon technologies in the TEG report	Manufacture of low carbon technologies that result in substantial GHG emission reductions in other sectors of the economy (demonstrating substantial LCA savings compared to best performaing alternative, verified by independent third party), enabling activity, activities classified under C.10 – C.33	x
Manufacture of Cement	Specific emissions < 0.766 tCO2e/t of clinker or < 0.498 tCO2e/t of cement or alternative binder (EU-ETS benchmark)	EU ETS Benchmark 2021–2026 (tCO2e per tonne of grey cement clinker or per tonne of cement or alternative binder, using 0.65 clinker to cement ratio)				x	24
Manufacture of Aluminium	Direct emissions <1.514 tCO2e/t Aluminium; electricity consumption < 15.29 MWh/t Aluminium; carbon intensity of electricity used < 100 g CO2e/kWh	EU ETS Benchmark 2021–2026 for primary aluminium (average energy efficiency of 15.5 MWh/t Al, carbon intensity of electricity used < 100 g CO2e/kWh), no threshold for secondary aluminium				x	17
Manufacture of Iron and Steel	GHG emissions < EU-ETS benchmarks (see TEG report for 2020 values of hot metal [1.328 tCO2e/t product], sintered ore etc); No thresholds applies if the product is 90% of scrap steel (in EAF)	EU ETS Benchmarks 2021–2026 for hot metal, sintered ore, coke, iron casting, EAF; or steel in electric arc furnaces (EAFs); No thresholds applies if the product is 90% of scrap steel (in EAF)				x	31
Manufacture of Hydrogen	Direct CO2 emissions: 5.8 tCO2e/t Hydrogen; Electricity use produced by electrolysis: <58 MWh/t Hydrogen; Average carbon intensity of the electricity produced: <100 gCO2e/kWh	LCE savings 80% relative to fossile fuel comparator of 94g CO2e/MJ = 2.256 tCO2eq/tH2				x	51
Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals – Manufacture of carbon black	GHG emissions < 1.954 tCO2e/t (EU-ETS benchmark)	EU ETS Benchmark 2021–2026				x	8
Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals – Manufacture of disodium carbonate (soda ash)	GHG emissions < 0.843 tCO2e/t (EU-ETS benchmark)	EU ETS Benchmark 2021–2026				x
Manufacture of other inorganic basic chemicals – Manufacture of chlorine	Electricty used is < 2.45 MWh/t Chlorine; average carbon intenstity is < 100gCO2/kWh	Electricty used is < 2.45 MWh/t Chlorine; average carbon intenstity is < 100gCO2/kWh				x
Manufacture of organic basic chemicals	GHG emissions < than the EU-ETS benchmark; manufacturing based on renewable feedstock; carbon footprint should be < than produce from fossil fuel feedstock; if feedstock is biomass follow biomass production criteria.	EU ETS Benchmark 2021–2026				x	17
Manufacture of anhydrous ammonia, nitric acid (formerly: Manufacture of fertilisers and nitrogen compounds)	GHG emissions < ETS benchmark: 0.302 tCO2e/t for nitric acid; Scope 1 emissions lower than 1 tCO2/tAmmonia; Combined CO2 emissions lower than 1,3 tCO2/t Ammonia	EU ETS Benchmark 2021–2026 for ammonia & nitric acid				x	19
Manufacture of plastics in primary form	manufactured by mechanical recycling or chemical recycling or from renewable feedstock; renewable feedstock refers to biomass, industrial bio-waste or municipal bio-waste; 90% of the final plastic is not single use or based on recycled plastics as feedstock	fully manufactured by mechanical or chemical recycling of plastic waste; LCE lower than life-cycle GHG emissions of the equivalent primary plastic manufactured from fossil fuel feedstock; Food or feed crops are not used as bio-based feedstock for the manufacture of plastic in primary form.				x	20
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
Production of Electricity, (Cogeneration of) Heat/Cool (and Power) from Solar PV, Concentrated Solar Power, Wind Power, Ocean Energy	Facilities operating at LCE < 100gCO2e/kWh, declining to 0gCO2e/kWh by 2050 (threshold will be reduced every 5 years)	all eligible	x				141
Production of Electricity from Hydropower	LCE < 100gCO2e/kWh declining to 0 in 2050 (threshold will be reduced every 5 years); Power density above 5 W/m2	LCE < 100gCO2e/kWh (declining threshold dropped); Power density above 5 W/m2		x	->	X	37
Production of Electricity, (Cogeneration of) Heat/Cool (and Power) from Geothermal Energy	LCE < 100gCO2/kWh declining to 0 in 2050 (threshold will be reduced every 5 years)	LCE < 100gCO2e/kWh (declining threshold dropped)		x	->	X	44
Production of Electricity, (Cogeneration of) Heat/Cool (and Power) from Gas (not exclusive to natural gas)	LCE < 100gCO2e/kWh declining to 0 in 2050 (threshold will be reduced every 5 years); using project specific measurements, i.e. methane leakage across the entire value chain.	LCE < 100gCO2e/kWh (declining threshold was dropped); methane leakage detection and control		x	->	X	159
Production of Electricity, (Cogeneration of) Heat/Cool (and Power) from Bioenergy (Biomass, Biogas and Biofuels)	80% GHG emissions reduction (100% in 2050) compared to a fossil fuel facility; Feedstock meets the criteria of Manufacture of Biomass.	1) Agriculture and forest biomass comply with RED 2) 80% emission reduction compared to fossil fuel facility (declining threshold dropped) // does not apply installations with total rated thermal input below 2 MW and using gaseous biomass fuels.// 50-100MW: high-efficiency cogeneration or BAT, >100MW: attain at least 36% electrical efficiency, highly efficient CHP or use CCS		x	->	x	124
Transmission and Distribution of Electricity	Eligible if ‘trajectory to full decarbonisation’ (either 67% of newly connected capacity is below 100gCO2e/kWh or average grid emission factor is below 100 gCO2/kWh), not eligible if direct connection to power plant with > 100gCO2e/kWh. Derogation for European System and subordinated systems considered eligible (subject to review).	1) Interconnected European system; 2) either 67% of newly connected capacity is below 100gCO2e/kWh or average grid emission factor is below 100 gCO2/kWh	x				55
Storage of Electricity, Thermal Energy, Hydrogen	Eligible (subject to regular review); hydrogen, only if infrastructure uses taxonomy eligible hydrogen	Electricity: closed-loop pumped hydropower storage, Pumped storage connected to river bodies are not eligible; Hydrogen: meets the criteria for manufacture of hydrogen;	x				79
Manufacture of Biogas or Biofuels	Comply with Renewable Energy Directive; Methane leakage control; digestate used as fertiliser	Comply with Renewable Energy Directive, Food-and feed crops are not used in the activity for the manufacture of biofuels for use in transport 2) Emission reduction of at least 65% in relation to fossil fuel comparator 3) production of digestate meets taxonomy criteria				x	64
Retrofit of Gas Transmission and Distribution Networks	Eligible for integration of captured CO2; hydrogen or other low carbon gas	1) Only networks dedicated to hydrogen or other low-carbon gases; 2) activity includes leak detection and repair of existing gas pipelines to reduce methane leakage	x				55
District Heating/Cooling Distribution	Eligible if the systems comply with EU Energy Efficiency Directive; modification to lower temperature regimes and advanced pilot systems are always eligible	Eligible if the systems comply with EU Energy Efficiency Directive; modification to lower temperature regimes and advanced pilot systems are always eligible	x				35
Installation and operation of Electric Heat Pumps	Refrigerant threshold: Global Warming Potential ≤ 675; Compliance with Ecodesign Framework Directive	Refrigerant threshold: Global Warming Potential ≤ 675; Compliance with Ecodesign Framework Directive	x				34
Production of Heat/cool using Waste Heat	The activity produces heat/cool from waste heat.	The activity produces heat/cool from waste heat.	x				22
Water, sewerage, waste and remediation
Water collection, treatment and supply	Option 1 – absolute threshold: max. 0.5 kwh per m3 water supply; Option 2 – relative threshold: reduced energy consumption by at least −20% OR reduced water leakage between actual and target leakage ≥ −20% (with target leakage = ILI of 1.5)	Energy consumption lower than 0.5 kWh per cubic meter water supply; b) the leakage level, calculated using the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI)381 rating method, equals to or is lower than 1.5.	x				13
Renewal of water collection, treatment and supply systems	not included in TEG report	Decrease energy consumption by at least 20% and closing the gap by at least 20% between the current leakage level, and an ILI of 1.5				x	-
Centralized wastewater treatment	New wastewater treatment facility substitutes more GHG emission intensive wastewater treatment systems	New: The front-to-end waste water system, including collection, treatment and discharges of waste water, has net zero energy use, demonstrated on an annual basis.	x				13
Renewal of waste water collection and treatment	not included in TEG report	At least 10% energy use reduction				x	-
Anaerobic Digestion of bio-waste or sewage sludge	Eligible if methane leakage is controlled and if biogas is used for electricity production, upgraded to bio-methane, used as vehicle fuel or as feedstock in the chemical industry; digestate produced is used as fertiliser	1) monitoring plan is in place for methane leakage at the facility 2) biogas is used for generation of electricity or heat, upgraded to bio-methane or used as vehicle fuel or as feedstock in chemical industry // sewage: bio-waste constitutes at least 90% of the input feedstock, measured in weight; other input material may not include food or feed crops.	x				42
Separate collection and transport of non-hazardous waste in source segregated fractions	source segregated waste (in single or co-mingled fractions) is separately collected with the aim of preparing for reuse and/or recycling.	All separately collected and transported non-hazardous waste that is segregated at source, including co-mingling, is sent to preparation for reuse or recycling.	x				10
Composting of bio-waste	Source segregated and separately collected biowaste (>70% of input), Co-digestion is eligible only with a minor share; methane leakage is controlled by a monitoring plan; compost is used as fertiliser; direct use of biogas produced	1) bio-waste that is composted is source segregated and collected separately 2) compost produced is used as fertiliser or soil improver and meets the requirements for fertilising materials	x				7
Material recovery from non-hazardous waste	50% (in terms of weight) of the processed and separately collected non-hazardous waste is converted into secondary raw materials	at least 50%, in terms of weight, of the processed separately collected non-hazardous waste is converted into secondary raw materials	x				10
Landfill gas capture and utilisation	Permanently closed landfill from before 2019; Gas is used for electricity production, upgraded to bio-methane, used as vehicle fuel or feedstock in the chemical industry; methane emissions and leakage are controlled	1) landfill has not been opened after 8 July 2020; 2) landfill or landfill cell where the gas capture system is newly installed, extended, or retrofitted is permanently closed and is not taking further biodegradable waste. 3) gas is used for the generation of electricity or heat as biogas 4) methane emissions are controlled	x				15
Direct Air Capture of CO2	all eligible	Not included in Draft Delegated Act					18
Capture of anthropogenic emissions	eligible if CO2 is sequestrated in eligible facilities.						19
Transport of CO2	eligible if the leakage/t CO2 < 0,5%	1) leakage/t CO2 < 0,5% of mass of CO2, 2) CO2 is delivered to a permanent CO2 storage site 3) Appropriate leak detection systems are applied 4) assets that increase the flexibility and improve the management of an existing network	x				30
Permanent Sequestration of captured CO2	compliance with ISO 27914:2017	1) Characterisation and assessment of the potential storage complex and surrounding area (exploration) is carried out 2) appropriate leakage detection systems are implemented 3) activity complies with Directive 2009/31/EC and ISO 27914:2017 for geological storage of CO2	x				13
Buildings
Construction of new buildings	Net primary energy demand of the new construction must be at least 20% lower than the primary energy demand resulting from the relevant NZEB requirements	Net primary energy demand: at least 20% lower than NZEB requirements; NEW: buildings > 5000m2, upon completion, building undergoes testing for air-tightness and thermal integrity & life cycle Global Warming Potential (GWP) of the building has been calculated		(x)			54
Building renovation	Major renovation’ from EPBD or −30% energy consumption (baseline performance and predicted improvement shall be based on a specialised building survey and validated by an accredited energy auditor)	Major renovation’ from EPBD or −30% energy consumption (initial primary energy demand and estimated improvement based on building survey or energy audit and validated by an accredited energy auditor)				x	51
Individual renovation measures, installation of renewables on-site and professional, scientific and technical activities	Must comply with Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), and must meet Ecodesign requirements	Must comply with Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), and must meet class A in Ecodesign requirements	x				41
Installation, maintenance and repair of charging stations for electric vehicles in buildings	Not included in TEG report	Installation, maintenance or repair of charging stations for electric vehicles.	x				-
Installation, maintenance and repair of instruments and devices for measuring, regulation and controlling energy performance of buildings	Not included in TEG report	Smart thermostats, building automation, energy management systems, smart meters, facade and roofing elements with solar shading etc.	x				-
Installation, maintenance and repair of renewable energy technologies	Not included in TEG report	Installation of all types of renewable energy technologies (see list)	x				-
Acquisition and ownership of buildings	Calculated performance of the building must be within the top 15% of the local existing stock in terms of operational Primary Energy Demand	1) Buildings built before 31 December 2020, the building has at least EPC class A; 2) buildings built after 31 December 2020, the building meets the criteria set out for the activity ‘construction of new buildings’; 3) large non-residential buildings are efficiently operated through energy performance monitoring and assessment		X	<-	x	33
Transportation and storage
Passenger cars and commercial vehicles (renamed: Transport by motorbikes, passenger cars and light commercial vehicles)	Zero tailpipe emissions vehicles, < 50gCO2/km (vehicle km) until 2025 (from 2026 only 0g CO2/km (WLTP)	Zero tailpipe emissions vehicles, or < 50gCO2/km until 2025 (WLTP)// vehicles of category L: the tailpipe CO2 emissions equal to 0g CO2e/km		x			47
Operation of personal mobility devices	Not included in TEG report	1) propulsion of personal mobility devices comes from the physical activity of the user, from a zero-emissions motor, or a mix of zero-emissions motor and physical activity 2) The personal mobility devices are allowed to be operated on the same public infrastructure as bikes or pedestrians	x				-
Passenger Rail Transport (Interurban)	Zero direct emissions trains, <50gCO2e/pkm until 2025, to be reviewed	Trains and passenger coaches have (a) zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions or (b) have zero direct tailpipe CO2 emission when operated on a track with necessary infrastructure, and use a conventional engine where such infrastructure is not available (bimode)		X	<-	x	23
Public transport (renamed: Urban, suburban and road passenger transport)	Zero direct emissions trains, or < 50gCO2e/pkm (passenger km) until 2025, to be reviewed	The direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions of the vehicles are zero		X	<-	x	39
Freight rail Transport	Zero direct emissions trains, or gCO2e/tkm are < than 50% than average emissions of Heavy Duty Vehicles	Trains and wagons have (a) zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions or (b) have zero direct tailpipe CO2 emission when operated on a track with necessary infrastructure, and use a conventional engine where such infrastructure is not available (bimode)		X	<-	x	25
Freight transport services by road	Zero direct emissions vehicles, direct emission <50% of the reference CO2 emissions in the subgroup	‘Zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles’ as defined in Article 3, point (11), of Regulation (EU) 2019/1242; above 7.5 tonnes: or ‘low-emission heavy-duty vehicles’ as defined in Article 3, point (12), of that Regulation. // Vehicles are not dedicated to transporting fossil fuels				x	38
Interurban scheduled road transport	Zero direct emissions vehicles, < 50gCO2/pkm, to be reviewed in 2025; Vehicles solely using advanced biofuels or renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin (for investment in new vehicles of this type: only vehicles emissions below 95g CO2 e /pkm)	Not included in Draft Delegated Act					31
Infrastructure for low carbon transport (land transport)	Infrastructure required for zero direct emissions transport, active mobility, and predominantly used for eligible low carbon transport; transport of fossil fuels is not eligible	Infrastructure is a) dedicated to the operation of vehicles with zero tailpipe CO2 emissions b) transhipping freight between the modes c) dedicated to public passenger; not dedicated to the transport of fossil fuels	x				51
Infrastructure for low carbon transport (water transport)	Infrastructure required for zero direct emissions water transport, supporting renewable energy sector; fleet using infrastructure must meet threshold as defined in the relevant activity; not dedicated to the transport of fossil fuels	Infrastructure a) dedicated to operations of zero direct (tailpipe) emissions, b) to the provision of shore-side electric power to vessels at berth, c) to the performance of the ports own operations with zero emissions, d) to transhipping freight between modes; infrastructure is not dedicated to the transport of fossil fuels	x				13
Inland passenger water transport	Zero direct emissions vehicles; advanced biofuels or renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin, < 50gCO2/pkm, to be reviewed in 2025	Vessels have (a) zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions or (b) until 31 December 2025, hybrid vessels use at least 50% of zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emission fuel mass or plug-in power for their normal operation		x			22
Inland freight water transport	Zero direct emissions vehicles; direct emission <50% of the reference CO2 emissions in the subgroup	1a) Zero direct emissions vehicles or b) direct emission <50% of the reference CO2 emissions in the subgroup; 2) Vessels purchased or operated are not dedicated to transport fossil fuels		x			23
Infrastructure for personal mobility	Part of low-carbon transport in the TEG report	Personal mobility: pavements, bike lanes and pedestrian zones, electrical charging and hydrogen refuelling installations for personal mobility devices	x				-
Infrastructure for rail transport	Part of low-carbon transport in the TEG report	Infrastructure a) electrified trackside infrastructure and associated subsystems or trackside infrastructure and associated subsystems where there is a plan for electrification/use zero tailpipe CO2 emission trains within 10 years, b) the infrastructure and installations are dedicated to transhipping freight between the modes, c) infrastructure and installations are dedicated to the transfer of passengers from other modes to rail	x				-
Low carbon airport infrastructure	Not included in TEG report	Infrastructure a) dedicated to the operation of aircraft with zero tailpipe CO2 emissions, b) to the provision of fixed electrical ground power and preconditioned air to stationary aircrafts, c) to the zero direct emissions performance of the airport’s own operations: electric charging points, electricity grid connection upgrades, hydrogen refuelling stations; infrastructure is not dedicated to the transport of fossil fuels	x				-
Retrofitting inland water passenger and freight transport	Not included in TEG report	Until 2025, the retrofitting activity reduces fuel consumption of the vessel by at least 10% expressed in litre of fuel per tonne kilometre, not dedicated to transport fossil fuels				x	-
Sea and coastal freight water transport	Not included in TEG report	Vessels have zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions; or (b) until 2025, hybrid vessels use at least 50% of zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emission fuel mass or plug-in power for their normal operation; or c) until 2025 direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions 50% lower than the average reference CO2 emissions value // Vessels are not dedicated to the transport of fossil fuels		x			-
Sea and coastal passenger transport	Not included in TEG report	Vessels have zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emissions; or (b) until 2025, hybrid vessels use at least 50% of zero direct (tailpipe) CO2 emission fuel mass or plug-in power for their normal operation; or c) until 2025 vessels have an attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI)469 value 10% below the EEDI requirements applicable on 1 January 2022		x			-
Retrofit of sea and coastal water transport	Not included in TEG report	Until 31 December 2025, the retrofitting activity reduces fuel consumption of the vessel by at least 10% expressed in grams of fuel per deadweight tons per nautical mile, not dedicated to transport of fossil fuels				x	-
ICT
Data processing, hosting and related activities	The data centre implements the European Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency or in CEN-CENELEC document CLC TR50600-99-1	1) Data centre implements the European Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency or in CEN-CENELEC document CLC TR50600-99-1; 2) The global warming potential (GWP) weighted average for the mixture of refrigerants used in the data centre cooling system does not exceed 10				x	12
Data-driven climate change monitoring solutions	N/A	Solutions are predominantly used for the provision of data and analytics on GHG emissions; demonstrate substantial life-cycle GHG emission savings; verified by independent third party	x				-
R&D
Research, development and innovation	Not included in TEG report	1) The activity researches, develops or provides innovation for technologies, products or other solutions that are dedicated to enable one or more economic activities for which the technical screening criteria have been set out in this Annex, with the exception of activities considered as transitional and enabling activities in accordance with Articles 10(1), point (i), and 10(2) of Regulation EU 2020/852	x				-
Professional services related to energy performance of buildings	Not included in TEG report	a) Technical consultation, b) accredited energy audits and buildings performance assessments © energy management services; (d) energy performance contracts; (e) energy services provided by energy service companies (ESCOs).	x				-

Source: Own elaboration of TEG (TEG 2020) and European Commission (European Commission 2020b).

EU. 2020. “Long-Term Low Greenhouse Gas Emission Development Strategy of the European Union and Its Member States.” Submission by Croatia and the European Commission on behalf of the European Union and its Member States.

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TEG. 2020. “Taxonomy Report: Technical Annex (March 2020).” Technical Expert Group on Sustainable Finance.

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European Commission. 2020b. Annex 1 to the Draft Delegated Act (Ares(2020)6979284).

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