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Articles

Impact of strategy use during N-Back training in older adults

ORCID Icon, ORCID Icon, , & ORCID Icon
Pages 715-733 | Received 05 Nov 2019, Accepted 01 Oct 2020, Published online: 18 Oct 2020

Figures & data

Figure 1. Experimental procedure and paradigm. (A) 20 participants included in the two training groups underwent 10 sessions of N-Back training, and were administered pre- and post-tests to assess transfer effects. (B) Example of stimulus sequence during the N-Back task (2-Back), and its timeline.

Figure 1. Experimental procedure and paradigm. (A) 20 participants included in the two training groups underwent 10 sessions of N-Back training, and were administered pre- and post-tests to assess transfer effects. (B) Example of stimulus sequence during the N-Back task (2-Back), and its timeline.

Table 1. Participants characteristics.

Figure 2. Mean ± SD of accuracy during 10 sessions of N-Back training. (A) Cognitive training performance of the cognitive training group (CTG) in the first (t1), middle (t2) and last (t3) session. (B) Cognitive training performance of the active control group (ACG) in t1, t2 and t3.

Figure 2. Mean ± SD of accuracy during 10 sessions of N-Back training. (A) Cognitive training performance of the cognitive training group (CTG) in the first (t1), middle (t2) and last (t3) session. (B) Cognitive training performance of the active control group (ACG) in t1, t2 and t3.

Figure 3. ERPs responses comparing the first session of CTG and ACG. P300 responses (target minus non-target) for the first sessions of the 1-Back, 2-Back and 3-Back task (Supplementary data are shown in Table S2).

Notes: CTG = cognitive training group (mental rehearsal); ACG = active control group (self-developed strategy).

Figure 3. ERPs responses comparing the first session of CTG and ACG. P300 responses (target minus non-target) for the first sessions of the 1-Back, 2-Back and 3-Back task (Supplementary data are shown in Table S2).Notes: CTG = cognitive training group (mental rehearsal); ACG = active control group (self-developed strategy).

Figure 4. ERPs responses comparing the last session for CTG and ACG. P300 responses (target minus non-target) for the last sessions of the 1-Back, 2-Back and 3-Back (Supplementary data are shown in Table S2).

Notes: CTG = cognitive training group (mental rehearsal); ACG = active control group (self-developed strategy).

Figure 4. ERPs responses comparing the last session for CTG and ACG. P300 responses (target minus non-target) for the last sessions of the 1-Back, 2-Back and 3-Back (Supplementary data are shown in Table S2).Notes: CTG = cognitive training group (mental rehearsal); ACG = active control group (self-developed strategy).

Figure 5. Mean ± SD of accuracy for pre- and post-tests of CTG, ACG and PCG. All participants underwent pre- and post-tests before and after the N-Back training to assess transfers to other cognitive domains.

Figure 5. Mean ± SD of accuracy for pre- and post-tests of CTG, ACG and PCG. All participants underwent pre- and post-tests before and after the N-Back training to assess transfers to other cognitive domains.
Supplemental material

supplementary material

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