High prevalence of hypertension and its selected risk factors among adult tribal population in Central India

Abstract

A community based cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors like salt intake, 24-h urinary sodium excretion and body mass index (BMI) among tribal population of Mandla District, Central India. A total of 3090 individuals, from 1258 house hold drawn from 33 sampled villages and 12 urban wards were studied for blood pressure measurements and clinical examination, while 414 urine samples were collected for estimation of 24-h sodium excretion. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess the associations of BMI, urinary sodium output and other risk factors with hypertension. Across the sample, 28.2% of males and 23.6% of females had either stage-I or stage-II hypertension. More than 8% of subjects <30 years were hypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension shows a strong association with the increase in BMI and tribals with BMI > 25 were considerably more to have high blood pressure. Salt intake is directly related to the hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was significantly greater among those whose salt intake was more than 10 g per day. A positive association between urine sodium excretion and blood pressure was observed. The results of the present study show that the tribal population is also affected by the life style diseases at par with the non-tribal population.

Keywords:

• Life style disease
• hypertension
• tribal
• sodium
• anthropometry
• BMI

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Dr. Neeru Singh, Director, National Institute for Research in Tribal Health (Formerly RMRCT) Jabalpur for her support during the study. The authors are also thankful to the Tribal Task Force, Indian Council of Medical Research New Delhi for financial assistance. We express our sincere gratitude to Dr. K. K. Talwar and Dr. G. S. Toteja for their continuous support and guidance during project work.