Early detection and intervention services for children with hearing loss in Western and South Asian developing countries: a scoping review

Figures & data

Figure 1. PRISMA Flow diagram of database and grey literature search.

Table 1. Database literature.

References	Country	Method used to evaluate/explore early intervention services	Type of (Screening tool /technology/therapy)	Stage
Acar et al. (2015)	Turkey	Evaluate universal newborn hearing screening	ABR	Identification
Zaitoun and Nuseir (2020)	Jordan		OAE, ABR	Identification
Alanazi et al. (2020)	Saudi Arabia	Retrospective cross sectional descriptive study	OAE,ABR	Identification
Ayas & Yaseen (2021)	United Arab Emirates	Retrospective observational study	ABR,OAE	Identification
Al-Sayed and AlSanosi (2017)	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional study	Not specified Cochlear implant	Identification Technology
Al-Shawi et al. (2020)	Saudi Arabia	cross-sectional retrospective study	Not specified Hearing aid Cochlear implant	Identification Technology
Alkahtani et al. (2019)	Saudi Arabia	Cross-sectional	Not specified	Identification
Alkhamra (2015)	Jordan	Survey	Aural rehabilitation Cochlear implant	Therapy Technology
Aloqaili et al. (2019)	Saudi Arabia	Retrospective	Cochlear implant	Technology
Alyami et al. (2016)	Saudi Arabia	Semi-structured interview	Aural, auditory intervention Hearing aid	Identification Therapy Technology
Ansari et al. (2014)	India	Retrospective Developed questionnaire	Parent education programme Patient-infant programme Speech pathology session	Identification Therapy
Ardic (2017)	Turkey	Retrospective review	OAE, ABR	Identification
George et al. (2016)	The Kingdom of Bahrain	Retrospective	OAE, ABR	Identification
Jeyaraman (2013)	India	Questionnaire	Habilitation programme Cochlear implant	Therapy Technology
Kolethekkat et al. (2020)	Oman	Retrospective	OAE,ABR Hearing aid Cochlear implant	Identification Technology
Kulkarni and Gathoo (2017)	India	Qualitative research	Family-focused	Therapy
Sachdeva and Sao (2017)	India	Clinical cross-sectional	OAE,ABR Hearing aid Cochlear implant	Identification Technology
Saki et al. (2017)	Iran	Prospective cross-sectional	OAE,ABR	Identification
Sharma et al. (2018)	India	Implemented the universal neonatal hearing screening	OAE,ABR	Identification
Galhotra and Sahu (2019)	India	Exploratory research	Not specified	Identification
Paul et al. (2017)	India	Exploratory research	OAE, ABR Hearing aid Cochlear implant	Identification Technology
Shojaee et al. (2013)	Iran	Parent satisfaction questionnaire	OAE,ABR	Identification
Acar et al. (2020)	Turkey	Interview, document analysis and reflective journal	Early intevrenton session for children with hearing supported via fathers Hearing aid Cochlear implant	Therapy Technology
Alduhaim et al. (2020)	Kuwait	Semi-Structural interview	Not specified Aural rehabilitation	Identification Therapy
Merugumala et al. (2017)	India	Qualitative research	Not specified Deafness rehabilitation centre	Identification Therapy
Sukumaran et al. (2011)	India	Exploratory research	Not specified Not specified	Identification Technology

Table 2. Grey literature.

Country	Early intervention services	Planning to develop Early intervention services	Identification	Therapy	Technology
Bangladesh	No national policy (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	Institution provides hearing screening (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	Organizations provide amplification (WHO, 2009)
Bhutan	No national policy (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Free hearing aid distribution programme (WHO, 2009)
India	Not reported	Not reported	Prevention control programme via Institution base programme and Community based programme (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	Not reported
Maldives	NHS not yet available (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported	Not reported
Nepal	No national policy	Not reported	some centres offer diagnostic services (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	only one centre offers cochlear implantation, but no hearing aid distribution (WHO, 2009)
Pakistan	Not reported	Planning to develop and launch National newborn hearing screening programme (WHO, 2021)	Free hearing aids for children with hearing loss (WHO, 2021)	Not reported	Limited number of cochlear implants for children with hearing loss (WHO, 2021)
Sri Lanka	No national policy (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	some teaching hospital offer diagnostic services (WHO, 2009)	Not reported	some centres offer cochlear implantation but no hearing aid distribution (WHO, 2009)
Oman	Not reported	Not reported	72% of newborn are screened WHO (2009)	Not reported	Not reported
Qatar	Not reported	Not reported	Audiology services such as screening and diagnosis (PHCC, 2021)	Rehabilitation/habitation (PHCC, 2021)	Provides amplification devices, (PHCC, 2021)
Saudi Arabia	Not reported	Not reported	Newborn hearing screening for national guard and their families (UNBHS Program, 2021)	Not reported	Not reported
Turkey	Not reported	Not reported	Available access to NBH (Uhlén, 2020)	Unknown number of children referred to programs (Uhlén, 2020)	Unknown number of children fitted with amplification devices (Uhlén, 2020).

Acar, B., Ocak, E., Acar, M., & Kocaöz, D. (2015). Comparison of risk factors in newborn hearing screening in a developing country. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 57(4), 334–338. https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84969129971&partnerID=40&md5=0a0a735aa530ac974d3c34ca4b9816ac

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