New advances in diagnosis and treatment of nano drug delivery systems across the blood-brain barrier

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the BBB [2].

Figure 2. Transport mechanism of the solute or substance BBB shuttle [2].

Figure 3. A wide variety of NPs [12].

Table 1. There is a relatively novel classification method, which is generally divided into two categories through the difference or different forms of nanomaterials.

Classification	Method	Type		Case	Refs
Pure nanomaterials	Passive diffusion	NPs		QDs	[10, 11]
		MNPs		Loaded with IUDR coated with PLGA	[17]
		Polymeric NPs		Some drugs are used for schizophrenia, such as aripiprazole and paliperidone palmitate, PPA-NPs	[16, 22]
		Nano graphene oxide		IUDR-PLGA-NGO, graphene nanostructures	[8, 18]
		Others		liposome, polymeric NPs, lipid NPs, iron oxide NPs, gold NPs, silica NPs	[3–7, 12]
Nanocomposite	Receptor-mediated NPs	TfR		tau-TfR, (T12/P-Lipo)NPs	[3, 23]
		FR		The PEGb-PCL NPs surface modified with the FRα-FA complex	[24]
		Others		IR, LRP-1	[25, 26]
	Carrier-mediated NPs	Polypeptide carriers	CPP	CPP-CS-NLC	[27]
			Peptides bind to transporters	the P/LLL carrier complex, the M2PEP peptide with sequence YEQDPWGVKWWY, the peptide-specific receptor ^DWSW peptide	[13, 28–32]
		Viral vector		AAV9 variants	[33]
	Cell-mediated biomimetic nanomaterials	Blood cells	MØ	CAR-M-UZPM	[34–36]
			platelet membrane	PNP-R848	[37]
		CCM		CC-LnNPs, ^DWSW-CCM-(PTX)NS, CM-SiO2NPs, TMPSM	[28, 38–41]
		Vesicle System—Ex		EV-DNs, CSI@Ex-A	[5, 42,43]

Refs. = references; NPs = nanoparticles; MNPs = Magnetic nanoparticle; QDs = Quantum dots; IUDR = 5-iodine-2-deoxyuridine; PLGA = PLA-hydroxyl acetate copolymer; TfR = transferrin receptor; FR = folate receptor; FA = Folic acid; CPP = Cell-penetrating peptides; ^DWSW = DSDYDPDGDWDSDW; AAV9 = adeno-associated viruses9; MØ = macrophages; CAR = chimeric antigen receptor; CCM = Cancer cell membrane; Ex = exosome; UZPM = an optical response system.

Figure 4. Simple simulation diagram of biomimetic nanomaterials [40].

Figure 5. Preparation of a biomimetic nanosuspension (NS) [28].

Figure 6. near-infrared IIb window, CC-LnNPs are used for accurate imaging and diagnosis and treatment technology in brain tumors [38].

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