Exploring the framings of water scarcity in Palestinian textbooks

Figures & data

Table 1. Textbooks mentioning water issues.

Subject	Grade	Edition
National and Life Education	One to four	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Social Studies	Five to eight	Ministry of Education 2017–2018
Palestine’s Geography and modern history	Ten	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Geography	Eleven and twelve	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
History	Eleven	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Arabic language and Literature	One, four, six, and eight to eleven	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Religious Education/ Islam	One, five, seven, and eight	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Religious Education/ Christianity	One	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Science and Life	Three, four, five, seven (and minor mentions in grade eight and nine)	Ministry of Education 2017–2018
English Language	One and ten (minor mention in grade six and eight)	Ministry of Education 2016–2017
Technology	Seven	Ministry of Education 2016–2017

Table 2. Discourses mentioned in the textbooks. First theme: water scarcity as part of the Israeli occupation. Second theme: the importance of individual behaviour and water awareness.

Subject	Grade	Discourse(s) mentioned
National and Life Education	One to four	First to third grade: second theme of individual behaviour and water awareness (ex. p. 62/74/ second grade) Fourth grade: first theme of occupation (p. 45/ 78); second theme (p. 78)
Social Studies	Five to eight	Second theme (grade 5, p. 24/II. p. 13/ grade 7 p. 7) First theme (grade 6/II. p. 36–37/ grade 9 p. 19) Both themes (grade 8, p. 41)
Palestine’s Geography and modern history	Ten	Second theme (p. 15) First theme (II. p. 34/ 36/ 126) Both themes (II. p. 100)
Geography	Eleven and twelve	Second theme (grade 11 II. p. 103–104) Both themes (grade 12 p. 100)
History	Eleven	First theme (p. 74)
Arabic language and Literature	One, four, six, and eight to eleven	One: second theme (p. 30/35) Four: second theme (p. 83) Six: second theme (p. 50) Eight: both themes (p. 58) Nine: second theme (p. 59) first theme (p. 93) Eleven: second theme (p. 54) both themes but mostly first (pp. 72–75)
Religious Education/ Islam	One, five, seven, and eight	One: second theme (p. 54) Five: second theme (p. 78) Seven: second theme (p. 87) Eight: second theme (p. 77)
Religious Education/ Christianity	One	Second theme (p. 29)
Science and Life	Three, four, five, seven (and minor mentions in grade eight and nine)	Three: second theme (pp. 69–73) Four: second theme (II. p. 56) Five: both themes but mainly first (II. p. 57) Seven: first theme (II. p. 25) Eight: first theme (II. p. 14)
English Language	One and ten (minor mention in grade six and eight)	One: second theme (p. 48) Eight: second theme (II. p. 32) Ten: second theme (II. p. 90)
Technology	Seven	Second theme (p. 67/81) First theme (p. 88)