Effect of self-monitoring of blood glucose on glycaemic outcome among type 2 diabetic patients

Figures & data

Figure 1: Distribution of the study population.

Table 1: Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the respondents (pre-intervention)

Variables	Control non-SMBG, n = 60	Intervention SMBG), n = 60	χ^2	p-value
	N (%)	N (%)
Age (years)
<40 years old	2 (25.0)	6 (75%)	2.143	0.143*
>40 years old	58 (51.8%)	54 (49.5%)
Mean age 59 ± 10.95 years	60.55 ± 10.16	57.3 ± 12.29	1.58	0.116**
Gender
Male	20 (46.5)	23 (53.5)	0.32	0.288
Female	40 (51.9)	37 (48.1)
Educational status
No education	5 (62.5)	3 (37.5)	0.53	0.25*
Some education	55 (49.1)	57 (50.95)
Duration of diabetes
Less than 3 years	35 (51.5)	33 (48.5)	0.358	0.136
Greater than 3 years	25 (48.1)	27 (51.9)
Number of antidiabetics used
One drug	15 (51.7)	14 (48.3)	0.045	0.41
More than one drug	45 (49.5)	46 (50.5)
Use of drugs as prescribed
Yes	49 (49.5)	50 (50.5)	0.058	0.41
No	11 (52.4)	10 (47.6)
Monthly income
Low (< 50 000 naira)	54 (52.4)	49 (49.6)	1.71	0.102
Middle and high (> 50 000 naira)	6 (35.3)	11 (64.7)

Note: N = 90.

* Fisher’s exact test; **t-test.

Figure 2: Co-morbid conditions of the respondents.

Table 2: Awareness of SMBG and glycaemic targets

Variable	Control (non-SMBG), n = 60 N (%)	Intervention (SMBG), n = 60 N (%)	χ^2	p-value
Are you aware of SMBG
Yes	45 (48.4%)	48 (51.6%)	0.43	0.26
No	15 (55.6%)	12 (44.4%)
Awareness of glycaemic targets
Yes	23 (45.1)	28 (54.9)	0.85	0.18
No	37 (53.6)	32 (46.4)

Note: N=120.

Table 3: Change in HbA1c and FBG of the intervention and control groups

Variable	Intervention (SMBG)	Control (non-SMBG)	t	p
	Mean±SD	Mean±SD
Pre-intervention FBG (mg/dl)	154.0 ± 55.8	150 ± 65.6	0.372	0.711
Post-intervention FBG* (mg/dl)	123.2 ± 35.1	137.6 ± 50.1	1.729	0.087
Pre-intervention HbA1c (%)	8.7 ± 2.3	8.7 ± 2.6	0.019	0.985
Post-intervention HbA1c* (%)	7.2 ± 2.0	7.7 ± 2.0	1.369	0.174

Note: N = 120.

* = 107 (52 control and 55 in intervention group who completed the study).

Table 4: HbA1c and FBG before and after intervention in the two groups

Group	Before intervention	After intervention	Paired t test	p
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
HbA1c (%)
Intervention (SMBG)	8.7 ± 2.3	7.2 ± 2.0	5.022	< 0.001
Control (non-SMBG)	8.5 ± 2.4	7.7 ± 2.0	3.922	< 0.001
FBG (mg/dl)
Intervention (SMBG)	153.0 ± 56.4	123.2 ± 35.1	3.838	< 0.001
Control (non-SBMG)	151.7 ± 66.9	137.6 ± 50.1	2.372	0.022

Notes: N = 107 (52 in control and 55 in the intervention group who completed the study).