Risk factors and HIV infection among patients diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis at a regional/tertiary hospital in Kimberley, South Africa

Figures & data

Figure 1: Distribution of Wells scores according to HIV status.

Note: A score of 3–8 points = high probability of DVT, 1–2 points = moderate probability and –2–0 = low probability.¹⁵

Table 1: Number of DVTs in the different sites of patients’ lower limbs overall and according to HIV status

	Total (n = 852)	HIV status			p-values for HIV-positive and -negative only
		HIV-positive (n = 443)	HIV-negative (n = 333)	Unknown (n = 76)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Left:
Iliac vein	152 (17.8)	75 (16.9)	61 (18.3)	16 (21.1)	0.63
Common femoral vein	296 (34.7)	150 (33.9)	118 (35.4)	28 (36.8)	0.65
Superficial femoral vein	347 (40.8)*	173 (39.1)*	132 (39.6)	42 (55.3)	0.94
Profundus vein	219 (25.7)	110 (24.8)	92 (27.6)	17 (22.4)	0.41
Popliteal vein	358 (42.0)	188 (42.4)	132 (39.6)	38 (50.0)	0.46
Right:
Iliac vein	92 (10.8)	45 (10.2)	40 (12.0)	7 (9.2)	0.42
Common femoral vein	203 (23.8)	104 (23.5)	88 (26.4)	11 (14.5)	0.36
Superficial femoral vein	256 (30.1)	131 (29.6)	112 (33.6)	13 (17.1)	0.24
Profundus vein	153 (18.0)	78 (17.6)	67 (20.1)	8 (10.5)	0.40
Popliteal vein	272 (31.9)	152 (34.3)	103 (30.9)	17 (22.4)	0.35

Notes: * Missing n = 1.

Patients could have more than one affected site.

Table 2: Prevalence of risk factors for DVT in patients seen at Kimberley Hospital Complex

Factor	Total (n = 852)	HIV status			p-values for HIV-positive and -negative only
		HIV positive (n = 443)	HIV negative (n = 333)	Unknown (n = 76)
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
Tuberculosis (TB)	106 (12.4)	85 (19.2)	19 (5.7)	2 (2.6)	< 0.01
Cancer	93 (10.9)	37 (8.4)	48 (14.4)	8 (10.5)	0.01
Smoking	77 (9.0)	39 (8.8)	23 (6.9)	15 (19.7)	0.33
Immobility	74 (8.7)	25 (5.6)	47 (14.1)	2 (2.6)	< 0.01
Previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT)	67 (7.9)	33 (7.5)	26 (7.8)	8 (10.5)	0.85
Pregnancy/puerperium**	64 (11.9)*	27 (10.0)	31 (13.9)*	6 (13.6)	0.18
Heart failure	34 (4.0)	16 (3.6)	17 (5.1)	1 (1.3)	0.31
Obesity	31 (3.6)	18 (4.1)	9 (2.7)	4 (5.3)	0.31
Femoral vein catheterisation	27 (3.2)	10 (2.3)	16 (4.8)	1 (1.3)	0.05
Recent surgery	26 (3.1)*	9 (2.0)*	11 (3.3)	6 (7.9)	0.27
Trauma/fracture	19 (2.2)	6 (1.4)	11 (3.3)	2 (2.6)	0.07
Stroke/paralysis/paresis	14 (1.6)	4 (0.9)	9 (2.7)	1 (1.3)	0.05
Oral contraception**	5 (0.9)	1 (0.3)	4 (1.8)	0 (0)	0.18
Thrombophilia	3 (0.4)	0 (0)	2 (0.6)	1 (1.3)	0.18
Long-distance travel	3 (0.4)	2 (0.5)	0 (0)	1 (1.3)	0.51

Notes: *Missing n = 1; **Results representative of female patients (n = 536) only.

Patients could have more than one risk factor.

Figure 2: Prevalence of HIV among patients with DVT where patients with unknown HIV status are excluded.

Table 3: HIV status by gender

HIV status	Male (n = 316)	Female (n = 536)
	n (%)	n (%)
Positive	174 (55.1)	269 (50.2)
Negative	110 (34.8)	223 (41.6)
Unknown	32 (10.1)	44 (8.2)

Table 4: HIV status by age group and gender

Age group (years)	Total (n = 852)	HIV-positive (n = 443)		HIV-negative (n = 333)		Unknown (n = 76)
		Male	Female	Male	Female	Male	Female
	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)	n (%)
0–14	4 (0.5)	1 (0.6)	0 (0)	2 (1.8)	1 (0.5)	0 (0)	0 (0)
15–19	19 (2.2)	2 (1.2)	3 (1.1)	1 (0.9)	12 (5.4)	0 (0)	1 (2.3)
20–24	36 (4.2)	5 (2.9)	11 (4.1)	2 (1.8)	15 (6.7)	0 (0)	3 (6.8)
25–29	71 (8.3)	20 (11.5)	27 (10.0)	3 (2.7)	17 (7.6)	2 (6.3)	2 (4.6)
30–34	102 (12.0)	29 (16.7)	51 (19.0)	7 (6.4)	6 (2.7)	3 (9.4)	6 (13.6)
35–39	98 (11.5)	30 (17.2)	41 (15.2)	6 (5.5)	13 (5.8)	4 (12.5)	4 (9.1)
40–44	86 (10.1)	21 (12.1)	40 (14.9)	4 (3.6)	12 (5.4)	4 (12.5)	5 (11.4)
45–49	97 (11.4)	26 (14.9)	31 (11.5)	12 (10.9)	22 (9.9)	3 (9.4)	3 (6.8)
50–54	83 (9.7)	13 (7.5)	27 (10.0)	14 (12.7)	19 (8.5)	4 (12.5)	6 (13.6)
55–59	61 (7.2)	9 (5.2)	14 (5.2)	10 (9.1)	21 (9.4)	2 (6.3)	5 (11.4)
60+	195 (22.9)	18 (10.3)	24 (8.9)	49 (44.6)	85 (38.1)	10 (31.3)	9 (20.5)

Figure 3: Age distribution of patients with DVT by known HIV status.

Wells PS , Hirsh J , Anderson DR , et al . A simple clinical model for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis combined with impedance plethysmography: potential for an improvement in the diagnostic process. J Intern Med. 1998;243(1):15–23. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1998.00249.x.

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