Typhoid ileal perforation in a semi-urban tertiary health institution in north-eastern Nigeria

Figures & data

Table 1: Sociodemographic characteristic of subjects with typhoid ileal perforation

Factor	Frequency	%
Age range:
0–9	9	24.3
10–19	16	43.2
20–29	8	21.6
30–39	3	8.1
40–49	1	2.7
Total	37	100.0
Education:
None	16	43.2
Primary	8	21.6
Secondary	13	35.2
Total	37	100.0
Occupation:
Unemployed	13	35.2
Housewife	1	2.7
Self-employed	4	10.8
Schooling	19	51.3
Total	37	100.0

Table 2: Common symptoms and signs associated with typhoid ileal perforation reported by the subjects

Factor	Number	%
Common symptoms:
Fever	36	97.3
Abdominal pain	37	100.0
Vomiting	31	83.8
Abdominal swelling	35	94.6
Anorexia	37	100.0
Constipation	18	48.6
Headache	22	59.5
Diarrhoea	8	21.6
Melaena stool	3	8.1
Common signs:
Splenomegaly	4	10.8
Hepatomegaly	2	5.4
Jaundice	2	5.4
Abnormal pulses	33	89.2
Tachypnoea	16	43.2

Table 3: Duration of fever, illness before presentation and total duration of admission of cases with typhoid ileal perforation

Factor	Frequency	%
Duration of fever:
1–5	7	18.9
6–10	16	43.2
> 10	12	35.1
Total	36	100.0
Duration of illness:
< 1 week	5	13.5
1–2 weeks	22	59.5
> 2 weeks	10	37.0
Total	37	100.0
Duration of admission:
< 7 days	6	16.2
7–14 days	15	40.5
> 14 days	16	43.3
Total	37	100.0

Table 4. Time lapse before surgery and intraoperative findings observed in cases with typhoid ileal perforation

Factor	Frequency	%
Admission to surgical prep:
1–12	2	6.1
13–24	17	51.5
25–36	10	30.2
> 36	4	12.2
Number of perforations:
1	18	54.5
2	10	30.3
3	2	6.1
> 3	3	9.1
Total	33	100.0
Distance from IC valve:
5–10	10	30.3
11–15	9	27.3
16–20	8	24.2
21–25	6	18.2
Total	33	100.0
Type of surgery:
Excision	23	69.7
Wedge resection	3	9.1
Ileal resection	5	15.2
Right hemicolectomy	2	6.1

Table 5: Postoperative complications and outcome of cases

Factor	Frequency	%
Postop. Complication:
Infection	13	72.2
Shock	1	5.6
Fistula	1	5.6
Abscess	3	16.7
Total	18	100.0
Outcome:
Discharged	28	75.5
Death	8	21.6
LAMA	1	2.7
Total	37	100.0

LAMA = left against medical advice.

Table 6: Comparing the outcome with: the duration of illness; use and type of medication before presentation; and number of perforations

	Outcome
Factor	Discharged	Died	LAMA	Total
Duration of illness:^a
< 1 week	5	1	0	6
1–2 weeks	16	6	0	22
> 2 weeks	7	1	1	9
Total	28	8	1	37
Use of medications:^b
Orthodox	21	5	1	27
Traditional	7	3	0	10
Total	28	8	1	37
Number of perforations:^c
1	17	1	0	18
2	8	1	1	10
3	2	0	0	2
> 3	1	2	0	3
Total	28	4	1	33

^aFisher’s exact test = 4.581, p = 0.390; ^bFisher’s exact test = 1.088, p = 0.75; ^cFisher’s exact test = 10.305, p = 0.077.

Figure 1: Distribution of cases of typhoid perforation according to month: January = 1 (5); February = 2 (3); March = 3 (1); April = 4 (1); May = 5 (4); June = 6 (1); July = 7 (4); August = 8 (4); September = 9 (5); October = 10 (10); November = 11 (4); December = 12 (4).