Assessment of risk factors associated with HTLV-1/-2 infection among people living with HIV/AIDS in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Figures & data

Table 1. Prevalence of HTLV-1 and -2 among HIV patients tested

		No. (%) negative	No (%) positive
Characteristics	No. screened	For HTLV IgM	For HTLV IgM	p-value
Sex
Male	76	56 (73.7)	20 (26.3)
Female	106	90 (84.1)	16 (15.1)
Total	182	146 (80.2)	36 (19.8)	0.0636
ART Status
ART-naïve	80	55 (68.7)	25 (31.3)
ART-experienced	102	91 (89.2)	11 (10.8)
Total	182 (100)	146 (80.2)	26 (19.8)	0.0009

Table 2. Distribution of anti-HTLV IgG by sociodemographic characteristics of study participants

Variables	Observation	No. tested	No. anti-HTLV IgG positive (%)	p-value
Age range (years)	<15	10	2 (20.0)
	15−24	54	6 (11.1)
	25–34	48	2 (4.2)
	35–44	42	4 (9.5)
	>44	28	4 (14.3)
	Total	182	18 (9.9)	0.461
Educational level	No formal education	76	12 (18.2)
	Primary	24	0 (0.0)
	Secondary	43	2 (4.7)
	College	30	4 (13.3)
	Total	182	18 (9.9)	0.039*
Marital status	Single	25	2 (8.0)
	Married	119	14 (11.8)
	Divorced	24	2 (8.3)
	Widow/widower	14	0 (0.0)
	Total	182	18 (9.9)	0.537
Income per month (USD)	<50	142	14 (9.9)
	50–150	34	2 (5.9)
	>150	6	2 (33.3)
	Total	182	18 (9.9)	0.116

* indicates significant association between the variables.

Table 3. Risk factors of anti-HTLV-1/-2 IgM among study participants

Variables	Observation	No. tested	IgM positive (%)	aOR	p-value
History of blood transfusion	Yes	42	8 (19.0)
	No	140	28 (20.0)
	Total	182	36 (19.8)	0.9412	0.8919
Injection drug use	Yes	59	12 (20.3)
	No	134	24 (17.9)
	Total	182	36 (19.8)	1.1702	0.6901
Number of sex partners	None	56	8 (14.3)
	Single	86	20 (23.2)
	Double	25	4 (16.0)
	>2	15	4 (26.7)
	Total	182	36 (19.8)	NA	0.494
Consistent protective sexual practice	Yes	54	16 (29.6)
	No	128	20 (15.6)
	Total	182	36 (19.8)	2.2737	0.0328*
Scarification Mark	Yes	76	12 (15.7)
	No	106	24 (22.6)
	Total	182	36 (19.8)	0.6406	0.2546
History of injury from sharp objects	Yes	64	24 (37.5)
	No	118	12 (10.2)
	Total	182	36 (19.8)	5.3000	<0.001*

Key: NA = Not available, aOR = Adjusted Odd ratio.

* indicates significant association between the variables.