Baseline characteristics and treatment pattern of type 2 diabetes patients in Jordan: analysis from the DISCOVER patient population

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline social and demographic characteristics

Parameter	N = 271
Sex, male- n (%)	164 (60.5%)
Age, years, mean±SD	53.8 ± 11.3
Main working status Employed Self-Employed Not working Retired Missing data	100 (36.9%) 39 (14.4%) 93 (34.3%) 28 (10.3%) 11 (4.0%)
Health insurance coverage Private Public/governmental Mixed No Insurance Missing data	110  (40.6%) 110 (40.6%) 2 (0.74%) 36 (13.3%) 13 (4.8%)
Education level No formal education Primary (1–6 years of education) Secondary (7–13 years of education) University/Higher Education (13+ yrs) Missing data	1 (0.4%) 49 (18.1%) 96 (35.42%) 107 (39.5%) 18 (6.6%)

Table 2. Baseline medical history, comorbidities, and complications characteristics

Parameter	N = 271
HbA1c, % ± SD	8.4 ± 1.6
Fasting Glucose(mg/dL), mean ± SD	180.9 ± 63.9
Duration of diabetes (years), mean ± SD	5.98 ± 5.8
BMI, Kg/m^2	30.8 ± 5.1
Tobacco Smoking Nonsmoker Ex-smoker Current smoker Missing data	193 (71.2%) 17 (6.3%) 52 (19.2%) 9 (3.3%)
Blood Pressure, mm Hg Systolic, mean ±SD Diastolic, mean ±SD	132.6 ± 16.5 80.0 ± 10.0
Lipid Profile Total Cholesterol(mg/dL), mean ±SD LDL(mg/dL), mean ±SD HDL(mg/dL), mean ±SD Triglycerides(mg/dL), mean±SD	188.7 ± 48.6 117.9 ± 46.3 41.0 ± 10.6 213.1 ± 176.3
Hypertension	111 (41.0%)
Hyperlipidemia	114 (42.1%)
Microvascular complications Chronic Kidney Disease Albuminuria Retinopathy Peripheral Neuropathy Autonomic Neuropathy Erectile Dysfunction	28 (10.3%) 6 (2.2%) 7 (2.6%) 6 (2.2%) 9 (3.3%) 2 (0.7%) 8 (3.0%)
Any Macrovascular Disease Heart Failure Coronary Artery Disease Myocardial Infarction Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Ischemic Stroke	34 (12.5%) 3 (1.1%) 26 (9.6%) 7 (2.6%) 12 (4.4%) 5 (1.8%)

Table 3. First- and second-line treatment characteristics

First-line therapy	N = 271
Met (Mono) SU (Mono) DPP-4i (Mono) Other (Mono) Met+SU (Dual) Met+DPP-4i (Dual) Met+other (Dual) Other Dual therapy Met+SU+DPP-4i (Triple) Met+SU+TZD (Triple)	127 (46.9%) 13 (4.8%) 1 (0.4%) 2 (0.7%) 94 (34.7%) 16 (5.9%) 6 (2.2%) 5 (1.8%) 6 (2.2%) 1 (0.4%)
Second-line therapy
Met monotherapy DPP-4i (Mono) Met+SU (Dual) Met+DPP-4i (Dual) Met+other (Dual) SU+TZD (Dual) Other Dual therapy Met+SU+DPP-4i (Triple) Met+SU+TZD (Triple) Other Triple Therapy 4 or 4+ Therapy Insulin (May also receive oral therapy)	2 (0.7%) 16 (5.9%) 22 (8.1%) 81 (29.9%) 7 (2.6%) 7 (2.6%) 3 (1.1%) 76 (28.0%) 7 (2.6%) 6 (2.2%) 7 (2.6%) 37 (13.7%)

DPP-4i: dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, MET: metformin, SU: sulfonylurea, TZD: thiazolidinedione.

Table 4. Reasons for changing first- and second-line therapies

Reason for changing First Line Therapy	N = 271 (%)
Lack of Efficacy	229 (84.5%)
Hypoglycemic Event	16 (5.9%)
Weight Gain	48 (17.8%)
Side Effect	14 (5.2%)
Developed Acute Disease	1 (0.4%)
Developed Chronic Disease	2 (0.7%)
Affordability	1 (0.4%)
Inability to Self-Administer	0 (0.0%)
Patient Request	12 (4.4%)
Poor adherence	1 (0.4%)
Patient convenience	7 (2.6%)
Prescriber access reasons	0 (0.0%)
Drug interaction	0 (0.0%)
Physician preference	48 (17.7%)
Reason for Choosing a Second Line Therapy
Efficacy	210 (77.5%)
Tolerability	102 (37.6%)
Weight	87 (32.1%)
Hypoglycemia	81 (29.9%)
Patient request	14 (5.2%)
Convenience	46 (17.0%)
Access Reason	3 (1.1%)
Cost	41 (15.1%)
Other	1 (0.4%)

Table 5. Concomitant medications

Concomitant medications	Total
	n = 271
Concomitant Anti-hypertensive Drugs	119 (43.9%)
ACE inhibitors	93 (34.3%)
Beta-Blockers	37 (13.7%)
Calcium Channel Antagonists	23 (8.5%)
Diuretics	37 (13.7%)
Other Anti-hypertensive Drugs	3 (1.1%)
Concomitant Lipid-lowering Drugs	129 (47.6%)
High-Intensity statins	55 (20.3%)
Low Intensity Statins	68 (25.1%)
Fibrate	22 (8.1%)
Niacin	0 (0.0%)
Other Lipid-lowering Drugs	1 (0.4%)
Concomitant Antiplatelet drugs	66 (24.4%)
Aspirin	63 (23.2%)
Ticagrelor	0 (0.0%)
Prasugrel	0 (0.0%)
Clopidogrel	7 (2.6%)