Association of high sensitive C reactive protein and dialysis adequacy with uremic pruritus in hemodialysis patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison between pruritic and nonpruritic group as regard demographic data, etiology of end stage renal disease.

		Nonpruritic group	Pruritic group
		No. = 50	No. = 50	t•/X^2*	p value	Sig.
Age (years)	Means	57.44 ± 13.87	59.30 ± 12.09	−0.715•	0.476	NS
	Range	23–86	33–82
Sex	Female	23 (46.0%)	19 (38.0%)	0.657*	0.418	NS
	Male	27 (54.0%)	31 (62.0%)
HD years	Mean±SD	2.93 ± 2.03	3.29 ± 2.92	−0.712•	0.478	NS
	Range	0.5–8	0.5–14
Diabetes mellitus	Negative	40 (80.0%)	42 (84.0%)	0.271*	0.603	NS
	Positive	10 (20.0%)	8 (16.0%)
Polycystic kidney Disease	Negative	48 (96.0%)	48 (96.0%)	0.000*	1.000	NS
	Positive	2 (4.0%)	2 (4.0%)
Hypertension	Negative	16 (32.0%)	14 (28.0%)	0.190*	0.663	NS
	Positive	34 (68.0%)	36 (72.0%)
Analgesic nephropathy	Negative	50 (100.0%)	49 (98.0%)	1.010*	0.315	NS
	Positive	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.0%)
SLE	Negative	49 (98.0%)	49 (98.0%)	0.000*	1.000	NS
	Positive	1 (2.0%)	1 (2.0%)
Amyloidosis	Negative	49 (98.0%)	50 (100.0%)	1.010*	0.315	NS
	Positive	1 (2.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Preeclampsia	Negative	50(100.0%)	49 (98.0%)	1.010*	0.315	NS
	Positive	0 (0.0%)	1 (2.0%)

Table 2. Comparison between pruritic and nonpruritic group as regard high sensitive C reactive protein serum level, urea reduction ratio, and other laboratory tests.

			Nonpruritic group	Pruritic group
			No. = 50	No. = 50	t•/X^2*	p value	Sig.
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	Mean±SD		10.26 ± 1.56	9.84 ± 1.53	1.381•	0.17	NS
	Range		(7.4–14)	(7.7–14.1)
Creatinine (mg/dL)	Mean±SD		7.62 ± 1.91	7.56 ± 1.91	0.156•	0.876	NS
	Range		(4.5–12.5)	(4.3–12.8)
Calcium (mg/dL)	Mean±SD		8.89 ± 0.69	8.82 ± 0.85	0.453•	0.651	NS
	Range		(7.4–10.2)	(6.8–11.4)
PTH (pg/ml)		Mean±SD	312.00 ± 245.92	411.81 ± 343.81	−1.670•	0.098	NS
		Range	(20–1016)	(42–1312)
Phosphorus (mg/dL)		Mean±SD	4.97 ± 1.04	5.39 ± 0.95	2.113	0.037	S
		Range	(2.6–7.2)	(3.7–7.6)
Albumin (g/L)		Mean±SD	3.90 ± 0.49	3.75 ± 0.55	1.467•	0.146	NS
		Range	(2.9–5)	(2.5–5.1)
ALT (u/L)		Mean±SD	20.88 ± 6.79	21.40 ± 6.74	−0.384•	0.702	NS
		Range	(9–40)	(12–44)
AST (u/L)		Mean±SD	21.56 ± 8.35	24.22 ± 23.21	−0.763•	0.448	NS
		Range	(12–60)	(15–181)
Bilirubin (mg/dL)		Mean±SD	0.61 ± 0.40	0.81 ± 0.45	−2.375•	0.019	S
		Range	(0.1–1.71)	(0.1–2.1)
Sodium (mEq/L)		Mean±SD	137.06 ± 3.34	136.96 ± 4.58	0.125•	0.901	NS
		Range	(129–142)	(123–147)
Potassium (mEq/L)		Mean±SD	4.89 ± 0.69	4.91 ± 0.75	−0.139•	0.890	NS
		Range	(3.5–6.2)	(3.1–6.6)
Total protein (g/L)		Mean±SD	6.69 ± 0.96	6.44 ± 0.96	1.347•	0.181	NS
		Range	(4.9–8.3)	(5–8.5)
Hs CRP (mg/L)		Mean±SD	0.04 ± 0.04	0.13 ± 0.13	−4.562•	0	HS
		Range	(0–0.15)	(0.002–0.801)
URR		Mean±SD	63.47 ± 6.54	60.71 ± 4.65	−4.195	0.017	S
		Range	(57.8–71.5)	(55.5–68)

•: Independent t-test; * Chi-square test

HD, hemodialysis; SLE, systemic lupus erythemtosis; HsCRP: high sensitive CRP; URR: urea reduction ratio; PTH: parathyroid hormone; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase

Table 3. Descriptive data of pruritus parameters measured by visual analog scale and pruritus scoring system.

		No. = 50
Visual analog scale	Mean±SD	2.41 ± 2.99
	Median (IQR)	0.5 (0.0–5.0)
	Range	0–10
Severity	Mean±SD	2.75 ± 3.08
	Median (IQR)	1.5 (0.0–6.0)
	Range	0–10
Distribution	Mean±SD	2.09 ± 2.23
	Median (IQR)	1 (0.0–4.0)
	Range	0–6
Sleep disturbance	Mean±SD	1.17 ± 2.72
	Median (IQR)	0 (0.0–0.0)
	Range	0–15
Pruritus scoring system	Mean±SD	7.43 ± 9.83
	Median (IQR)	2.5 (0.0–12.0)
	Range	0–45

This table shows two scales used for pruritus assessment:

Table 4. Correlation between high sensitive C reactive protein, urea reduction ratio, phosphorus, and pruritus parameters among pruritic patients.

	VAS		Pruritus scoring system
	Intensity of pruritus		Severity of pruritus		Distribution of pruritus		Sleep disturbance of pruritus
	R	p value	R	p value	R	p value	R	p value
Hs CRP (mg/L)	0.339**	0.001	0.325**	0.001	0.321**	0.001	0.256*	0.010
URR	−0.673-**	<0.001	−.629-**	<0.001	−.644-**	<0.001	−.595-**	<0.001
Phosphorus	0.271**	0.006	0.234*	0.019	0.088	0.384	0.215*	0.032

R: Spearman correlation coefficients; HsCRP: high sensitive CRP; URR: urea reduction ratio

Table 5. Correlation between high sensitive C reactive protein and urea reduction ratio among patients with pruritus.

	Hs CRP
	R	p value
URR	−0.254-*	0.011

Spearman correlation coefficients

Figure 1. Correlation between high sensitive C reactive protein and intensity of uremic pruritus measured by visual analog scale.

Figure 2. Correlation between urea reduction ratio and intensity of uremic pruritus by visual analog scale.

Figure 3. Correlation between high sensitive C reactive protein and urea reduction ratio.