DO VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS INFECTION PLAY A ROLE IN OXIDATIVE STRESS IN PATIENTS ON MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS?

Figures & data

Figure 1. Flowchart of patient recruitment to the study

Table 1. Characteristics of the entire HD cohort

	HD cohort (n = 88 patients)
Age, years	51.5 (40.5–60)
Gender (males), n (%)	46 (52%)
Duration of HD, years	14 [8–16]
HCV positive patients^a	32 (36%)
Urea (mg/dl)	139(116–152)
Creatinine (mg/dl)	9.8(8.3–11.3)
Calcium (mg/dl)	8.9 (8.4–9.7)
Phosphorus (mg/dl)	5.4 (4.1–6.7)
Ca*ph product	46.6 (35.5–64.8)
Parathyroid hormone^b (pg/dl)	505.7 (213.5–932.3)
Vitamin D (ng/ml)	7 [4–15]
Albumin (g/dl)	3.9 (3.7–4.1)
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	146.5 (102.5–199.5)
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	170 (139–199)
C-Reactive protein (mg/l)	3.9 (1.9–11)
F2 isoprostanes (pg/ml)	382.4 (136.4–1174.5)

^athree patients were HBV positive and 53 patients were negative.

^bresults for only 83 patients were included as five patients had done parathyroidectomy.

Qualitative variables are expressed as number (n) and percentage (%) and quantitative variables are expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR)

Reference ranges: serum creatinine (0.7–1.2 mg/dl),serum urea (up to 45 mg/dl),serum calcium (8.4 − 10.2 mg/dl),serum phosphorus (3.4–4.5 mg/dl),PTH(10–65 pg/dl),serum 25(OH) Vitamin D (<20 ng/ml is considered deficient,20–30 ng/ml is considered insufficient,>30 ng/ml is considered sufficient),Serum albumin (3.5–4.2 gm/dl),Serum TG (<150 mg/dl),Serum cholesterol (up to 200 mg/dl), Hs-CRP(<3 mg/ml),F2 isoprostanes (33.5–235 pg/ml).

Figure 2. Correlation between serum Vit D level and F2-isoprostane level

Table 2. Comparison between HCV positive and negative patients

	HCV positive patients (n = 32)	HCV negative patients (n = 53)	p-Value
Age, years	50 (41–59.5)	52 (40–60)	0.95
Gender (males), n (%)	19 (44.2%)	24 (55.8%)	0.21
Duration of HD, years	15 (11.5–18)	12 [6–15]	0.003*
Urea (mg/dl)	142.5(125.5–150.5)	130(113–151)	0.25
Creatinine (mg/dl)	9.7(7.9–12.8)	9.9(8.6–10.8)	0.73
Calcium (mg/dl)	8.9 (8.6–9.6)	9 (8.3–9.7)	0.76
Phosphorus (mg/dl)	4.9 (3.4–6.6)	5.5 (4.3–7.5)	0.09
Ca*ph product	40 (30.8–61.3)	48.8 (36.3–66.3)	0.16
Parathyroid hormone^a (pg/ml)	403.5 (105.8–904.6)	578.7 (250.4–936)	0.37
Vitamine D (ng/ml)	6.9 (3.6–13.4)	7 [4–15]	0.86
Albumin (g/dl)	3.8 (3.5–4)	4 (3.8–4.2)	0.010*
Triglyceride (mg/dl)	135.5 (92–170.5)	152 (104–208)	0.15
Cholesterol (mg/dl)	150 (112–170.5)	180 (150–210)	0.001*
C-Reactive protein (mg/l)	3.7 (1.8–11)	4.8 (2–10.7)	0.99
F2 isoprostanes (pg/ml)	171 (118.4–521)	647 (170–1238)	0.006*

Qualitative variables are expressed as number (n) and percentage (%) and p-value Chi-Square test

Quantitative variables are expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR) and p-value by Man-Whtiney U test

^aresults for 50 HCV positive patients and 30 negative patients as remaining five patients had done parathyroidectomy

*P value is significant if less than 0.05

Figure 3. Comparison between serum F2-isoprostane levels in HCV positive and negative groups