Role of expression of atrial natriuretic peptide gene in essential hypertension among Egyptian patients

Figures & data

Table 1. Clinicopathological features of study subjects

	Patients (n = 100)	Controls (n = 100)	p
Age (years)
Mean ± SD.	53.4 ± 8.2	52.3 ± 8.2	0.235
Median (Min. – Max.)	52 (40–68)	54 (40–67)
Sex
Male	75 (75%)	85 (85%)	0.077
Smoking	58 (58%)	47 (47%)	0.119
Family history of HTN	28 (28%)	26 (26%)	0.750
BMI (Kg/m^2)
Mean ± SD.	23.4 ± 2.7	22.9 ± 2.9	0.154
Median (Min. – Max.)	23 (20–32)	22 (18–29)
FPG (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	90.1 ± 7.7	88.2 ± 7	0.071
Median (Min. – Max.)	89 (79–105)	86 (79–102)
Blood urea (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	23.4 ± 4.4	23.4 ± 5.2	0.555
Median (Min. – Max.)	23 (18–36)	21 (18–36)
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	0.7 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.3	0.949
Median (Min. – Max.)	0.6 (0.2–1.4)	0.6 (0.2–1.4)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	165.6 ± 30.9	165.6 ± 30.9	1.000
Median (Min. – Max.)	165 (112–205)	165 (112–205)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	44.1 ± 11.1	45.2 ± 10.7	0.381
Median (Min. – Max.)	45 (30–67)	45.5 (30–81)
LDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	99.4 ± 19	107.4 ± 17.4	<0.001*
Median (Min. – Max.)	100 (58–147)	107 (65–147)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	123.2 ± 21.8	122.1 ± 24	0.939
Median (Min. – Max.)	123 (65–155)	124 (65–155)
Sodium (mmol/L)
Mean ± SD.	140.8 ± 5.1	140.4 ± 5.4	0.415
Median (Min. – Max.)	139 (135–149)	138 (135–149)
Potassium (mmol/L)
Mean ± SD.	4 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.4	0.224
Median (Min. – Max.)	4.1 (3.5–4.7)	4 (3.5–4.7)
SBP (mmHg)
Mean ± SD.	161.7 ± 14.7	118.8 ± 5.6	<0.001*
Median (Min. – Max.)	160 (141–190)	120 (110–125)
DBP (mmHg)
Mean ± SD.	98 ± 6.5	79.5 ± 5.2	<0.001*
Median (Min. – Max.)	100 (87–110)	80 (70–89)
ANP gene expression
Mean ± SD.	0.5 ± 0.6	6.1 ± 7.5	<0.001*
Median (Min. – Max.)	0.3 (0.1–2.4)	1.6 (0.1–26)

χ²: Chi square test U: Mann Whitney test SD: Standard deviation.

p: p value for comparing between Patients and Controls.

*: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 1. ANP gene expression between patients and controls

Figure 2. Correlation between ANP gene expression and systolic (a) and diastolic (b) blood pressure

Table 2. Relationship between ANP gene expression levels and different parameters in EH patients

	ANP gene expression		p
	Low (n = 61)	High (n = 39)
BMI (Kg/m^2)
Mean ± SD.	23.3 ± 2.7	23.7 ± 2.5	0.295
Median (Min. – Max.)	23 (20–32)	24 (20–30)
FPG (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	90.9 ± 8	88.7 ± 7.1	0.190
Median (Min. – Max.)	90 (79–105)	87 (79–102)
Blood urea (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	23.6 ± 4.2	23 ± 4.7	0.227
Median (Min. – Max.)	24 (18–36)	21 (18–36)
Serum creatinine (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	0.7 ± 0.3	0.7 ± 0.4	0.494
Median (Min. – Max.)	0.6 (0.2–1.4)	0.5 (0.2–1.4)
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	164.1 ± 31	167.9 ± 31.1	0.574
Median (Min. – Max.)	165 (112–205)	178 (112–205)
HDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	45 ± 11.1	42.7 ± 11.2	0.172
Median (Min. – Max.)	45 (30–67)	45 (30–67)
LDL-C (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	100.3 ± 19.8	98 ± 18	0.608
Median (Min. – Max.)	100 (58–147)	99 (58–147)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
Mean ± SD.	123.2 ± 21.8	123.2 ± 22.1	0.963
Median (Min. – Max.)	123 (65–155)	123 (65–153)
Sodium (mmol/L)
Mean ± SD.	140.6 ± 5	141 ± 5.4	0.725
Median (Min. – Max.)	139 (135–149)	139 (135–149)
Potassium (mmol/L)
Mean ± SD.	4 ± 0.4	3.9 ± 0.4	0.159
Median (Min. – Max.)	4.1 (3.5–4.7)	3.9 (3.5–4.7)
SBP (mmHg)
Mean ± SD.	162.3 ± 15	152 ± 6.9	<0.001*
Median (Min. – Max.)	165 (141–190)	150 (141–164)
DBP (mmHg)
Mean ± SD.	100.9 ± 5.5	93.4 ± 5.3	<0.001*
Median (Min. – Max.)	100 (88–110)	90(87–102)

χ²: Chi square test U: Mann Whitney test SD: Standard deviation.

*: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 3. Agreement (sensitivity, specificity) for ANP gene expression to detect high A) SBP and B) DBP patients (vs control)

	AUC	P	95% C.I	Cut off	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV
ANP gene expression	0.874*	<0.001*	0.824–0.924	≤0.6	82.0	88.0	87.2	83.0

AUC: Area Under a Curve.

p value: Probability value.

CI: Confidence Intervals.

NPV: Negative predictive value.

PPV: Positive predictive value.

*: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Figure 3. ROC curve for ANP gene expression to detect high (a) SBP and (b) DBP patients (vs control)