EEG changes in critically ill patients with sepsis associated encephalopathy and its correlation with morbidity and mortality

Figures & data

Table 1. Comparison between survivors and non-survivors regarding baseline characteristics.

characteristics	GROUP 1 Survivors (n = 48)	GROUP 2 Non-Survivors (n = 32)	p
Gender(n%)			0.055
Male	30(62.5)	13(40.6)
Female	18(37.5)	19(59.4)
Age (years)			<0.001*
Mean ± SD.	45.44 ± 13.86	63.50 ± 16.32
Past history
Medical	22 (45.8)	32 (100.0)	<0.001*
Surgical	33 (68.8)	17 (53.1)	0.157
Drug	20 (41.6)	32 (100.0)	<0.001*
MBP (mmHg)			0.009*
Mean ± SD.	84.94 ± 5.22	81.84 ± 4.91
Heart rate (beat/min)
Mean ± SD.	98.60 ± 12.20	104.7 ± 11.75	0.030*
Temperature (oC)
Mean ± SD.	38.11 ± 0.31	38.19 ± 0.24	0.225
RR (cycle/min)
Mean ± SD.	22.25 ± 1.92	21.63 ± 1.76	0.144
APACHE II Score Mean ± SD.	23.98 ± 15.02	32.47 ± 11.92	0.01*
GCS on admission Mean ± SD.	10.42 ± 2.49	10.28 ± 2.16	0.90
RASS when ventilated. Mean ± SD.	0.33 ± 2.99	0.22 ± 2.70	0.684
pH (log unit) Mean ± SD.	7.34 ± 0.04	7.32 ± 0.06	0.086
PaCO2 (mmHg) Mean ± SD.	26.82 ± 2.02	25.96 ± 1.84	0.058
PaO2 (mmHg) Mean ± SD.	93.51 ± 14.80	91.69 ± 11.05	0.554
HCO3 (meq/L) Mean ± SD.	15.66 ± 1.44	15.26 ± 1.56	0.241
CRP (mg/dl) Mean ± SD.	155.7 ± 65.63	153.8 ± 39.67	0.530
Procalcitonin (ng/ml Mean ± SD.	11.40 ± 5.53	15.20 ± 8.30	0.010*
EEG grading (Synek scale) (n%)
EEG grading			^MCp <0.001*
0	3(6.3)	0(0.0)
1	18(37.5)	2(6.3)
2	18(37.5)	2(6.3)
3	6(12.5)	9(28.1)
4	3(6.3)	8(25.0)
5	0(0.0)	11(34.4)
Mean ± SD.	1.75 ± 0.98	3.75 ± 1.19	<0.001*

SD: Standard deviation.

p: p value for comparing between the two studied groups.

*Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 2. Correlation between EEG grading with length of ICU stay, need for mechanical ventilation, need for vasopressors and CPC score in total patients (n = 80).

EEG grading Vs	p
Need for mechanical ventilation	<0.001*
Need for vasopressors	<0.001*
Length of ICU stay	0.017*
CPC score	0.595

Figure 1. ROC curve for different parameters to predict 28-day mortality (n = 32 vs. 48).

Table 3. Univariate logistic regression analysis for the parameters affecting 28-day mortality (n = 32 vs. 48): (fig.1).

	Univariate
	p	OR (LL – UL 95%C. I)
APACHE II Score	0.011*	1.045 (1.010–1.081)
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.023*	1.089 (1.012–1.172)
MBP (mmHg)	0.013*	0.885 (0.803–0.974)
EEG grading	<0.001*	4.390 (2.382–8.091)
Age (years)	<0.001*	1.084 (1.043–1.128)

OR: Odd`s ratio.

C.I: Confidence intervalLL: Lower limitUL: Upper Limit.

*Statistically significant at p equal to or less than 0.05.

Table 4. Prognostic performance for different parameters to predict 28-day mortality (n = 32 vs. 48).

	AUC	p	95% C. I	Cut off	Sensitivity	Specificity	PPV	NPV	Accuracy
APACHE II Score	0.667	0.012*	0.549–0.784	>22	78.12	50.0	51.0	77.4	61.25
Procalcitonin (ng/ml)	0.671	0.010*	0.548–0.794	>18	50.0	87.50	0.57	72.7	72.50
MBP (mmHg)	0.674	0.009*	0.553–0.795	≤82	65.62	66.67	56.8	74.4	66.25
EEG grading	0.887	<0.001*	0.808–0.965	>2	87.50	81.25	75.7	90.7	83.75
Age (years)	0.814	<0.001*	0.709–0.920	>54	81.25	70.83	65.0	85.0	75.0

AUC: Area Under a Curve p value: Probability value.

CI: Confidence Intervals.

NPV: Negative predictive valuePPV: Positive predictive value.

*: Statistically significant at p equal to or less than 0.05#Cut off was choose based on Youden index.