Knowledge, attitude, and practice of COVID-19 screening and vaccine uptake among women attending Maimusari Primary Healthcare in Jere Local Government, North East, Nigeria

Figures & data

Table 1. Socio-demographic characteristics of participants (n = 400).

Variables	Category	Frequency (n)	Percentages (%)
Age
	<20	124	31.00
	20–29	145	36.25
	30–39	92	23.00
	40–49	27	6.75
Ethnic group	>50	12	3.00
	Kanuri	189	47.25
	Babur	21	5.25
	Marghi	33	8.25
	Shuwa	21	5.25
	Hausa	61	15.25
Religion	Others	75	18.75
	Islam	384	96.00
Marital status	Christianity	16	4.00
	Ever married	338	84.50
Family settings	Never married	62	15.50
	Monogamous	264	66.00
Family size	Polygamous	136	34.00
	Less than 5	259	64.75
Occupation	Greater than 5	141	35.25
	Gainfully employed	215	53.75
	Not gainfully employed	185	46.25
Educational level	No formal education	231	57.75
	Formal education	169	42.25

Table 2. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 screening and vaccination among women attending Maimusari Primary Healthcare in Jere, Borno state, Nigeria.

Statement regarding COVID-19	Responses
Knowledge statement about COVID-19 Yes	No (%)
1. Have you ever heard/read about COVID-19?	400 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
2. What are the cardinal symptoms of COVID-19? i. Dry cough ii. Fever iii. Difficulty in breathing iv. Painful urination v. Vomiting vi. Diarrhoea
	386 (96.5)	14 (3.5)
	323 (80.8)	77 (19.2)
	344 (86.0)	56 (14.0)
	53 (13.2)	347 (86.8)
	94 (23.5)	306 (76.5)
	67 (16.8)	333 (83.2)
3. How can COVID-19 be transmitted? i. Contaminated instruments ii. Respiratory droplets from infected persons iii. Sharing sharp object iv. From mother to her unborn child
	192 (48.0)	208 (52.0)
	334 (83.5)	66 (16.5)
	143 (35.8)	257 (64.2)
	227 (56.8)	173 (43.2)
4. What can kill the virus? i. cleaning surfaces with diluted chlorine ii. Alcohol-based sanitizers iii. Soap/detergents iv. Water alone
	310 (77.5)	90 (22.5)
	333 (83.2)	67 (16.8)
	330 (82.5)	70 (17.5)
	108 (27.0)	292 (73.0)
5. Do you know about COVID-19 prevention?	361 (90.3)	39 (9.7)
6. Do you know about the COVID-19 vaccine?	373 (93.2)	27 (6.8)
7. Can COVID-19 be prevented by vaccination?	355 (88.8)	45 (11.2)
8. Is COVID-19 curable?	262 (65.5)	138 (34.5)
9. COVID-19 affects the respiratory?	371 (92.8)	29 (7.2)
Attitude statement to COVID-19	Positive (%)	Negative (%)
1.COVID–19 is a serious health problem	364 (91.0)	36 (9.0)
2. Getting screened for COVID-19 is safe	366 (91.5)	34 (8.5)
3. Getting vaccinated is important	342 (85.5)	58 (14.5)
4. COVID-19 vaccine is safe	329 (82.2)	71 (17.8)
5. Self-isolation reduces the likelihood of exposing others after exposure to COVID-19	373 (93.2)	27 (6.8)
6. Infection prevention guidelines should be provided at work areas	374 (93.5)	26 (6.5)
Practice Statement on COVID-19	Yes (%)	No (%)	I don’t know (%)
1. Have you ever been exposed to COVID-19 risky conditions?	42 (10.5)	289 (72.25)	69 (17.25)
2. Have you ever received COVID-19 vaccine?	155 (38.8)	245 (61.2)
3. Have you ever been screened for COVID-19?	65 (16.2)	335 (83.8)
4. If the vaccine is provided, would you be willing to take it?	275 (68.8)	125 (31.2)
5. Would you be willing to pay for it?	227 (56.8)	173 (43.2)
6. How important do you think you should get vaccinated?	Important (%)	Not important (%)
	241 (85.3)	159 (14.7)

Table 3. Mean knowledge and attitude scores across socio-demographic characteristics of women attending Maimusari Primary Healthcare in Jere, Borno state.

Variable	Number (%)	Knowledge, N=400		Attitude N=400
		Mean Score ±SD	P-Value	Mean Score ±SD	P-Value
Age group
<20	124 (31.00)	12.39±3.02^a	0.000	0.87±0.13	0.006
20–29	145 (36.25)	14.28±1.39^b		0.49±0.10
30–39	92 (23.0)	14.29±2.32^b		0.78±0.16
40–49	27 (6.75)	13.33±0.83^bc		0.03±0.03
>50	12 (3.00)	14.58±0.79^b		0.00±0.00
Ethnic group
Kanuri	189 (47.25)	13.13±2.67^a	0.001	0.78±0.11	0.000
Babur	21 (5.25)	13.76±2.42		2.00±0.59^b
Marghi	33 (8.25)	13.67±3.13		0.45±0.15
Shuwa	21 (5.25)	13.81±1.72		0.67±0.24
Hausa	61 (15.25)	14.44±1.20^b		0.23±0.08^c
Others	75 (18.75)	14.19±1.61^b		0.25±0.08^c
Religion
Islam	384 (96.00)	13.65±2.36	0.895	0.63±0.07	0.767
Christianity	16 (4.00)	13.56±2.44		0.56±0.22
Marital status
Ever married	338 (84.50)	13.86±2.06^a	0.003	0.56±0.07	0.041
Never married	62 (15.50)	12.48±3.36^b		1.03±0.22
Family settings
Monogamous	264 (66.00)	13.75±2.19	0.233	0.59±0.08	0.375
Polygamous	136 (34.00)	13.43±2.65		0.71±0.11
Family size
Less than 5	259 (64.75)	13.82±2.15^a	0.048	0.51±0.07	0.030
Greater than 5	141 (35.25)	13.31±2.67^b		0.85±0.14
Occupation
Gainfully employed	215 (53.75)	13.79±2.07	0.171	0.64±0.09	0.850
Not gainfully employed	185 (46.25)	13.46±2.65		0.61±0.09
Educational level
No formal education	231 (57.75)	13.18±2.59^a	0.000	0.59±0.08	0.536
Formal education	169 (42.25)	14.28±1.82^b		0.68±0.11

Mean ± SD, Columns with different superscripts (a,b, c) indicate statistical significance at p<0.05. Columns without superscripts are not statistically significant.

Table 4. Univariate analysis of the association between demographic variables and knowledge and attitude to COVID-19 among women attending Maimusari Primary Healthcare in Jere, Borno state.

Demographic characteristics	Knowledge (n=400)		Chi-square	P-value	Attitude (n=400)		Chi-square	P-value
	Poor	Good			Negative	positive
Age group
<20	75 (60.5)	49 (39.5)	58.943	0.000	117 (94.4)	7 (5.6)	2.871	0.580
20–29	36 (24.8)	109 (75.2)			140 (96.6)	5 (3.4)
30–39	18 (19.6)	74 (80.4)			87 (94.6)	5 (5.4)
40–49	12 (44.4)	15 (55.6)			27 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
>50	0 (0)	12 (100.0)			12 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Ethnic group
Kanuri	71 (37.6)	118 (62.4)	3.592	0.610	179 (94.7)	10 (5.3)	52.59	0.000
Babur	8 (38.1)	13 (61.9)			14 (66.7)	7 (33.3)
Marghi	14 (42.4)	19 (57.6)			33 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Shuwa	7 (33.3)	14 (66.7)			21 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Hausa	16 (26.2)	45 (73.8)			61 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Others	25 (33.3)	50 (66.7)			75 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Religion
Islam	136 (35.4)	248 (64.6)	0.117	0.732	367 (95.6)	17 (4.4)	0.740	0.390
Christianity	5 (31.2)	11 (68.8)			16 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Marital status
Ever married	114 (33.7)	224 (66.3)	2.214	0.137	326 (96.4)	12 (3.6)	2.62	0.105
Never married	27 (43.5)	35 (56.5)			57 (91.9)	5 (8.1)
Family settings
Monogamous	90 (34.1)	174 (65.9)	0.457	0.499	252 (95.5)	12 (4.5)	0.167	0.683
Polygamous	51 (37.5)	85 (62.5)			131 (96.3)	5 (3.7)
Family size
Less than 5	88 (34.0)	171 (66.0)	0.522	0.470	252 (97.3)	7 (2.7)	4.323	0.038
Greater than 5	53 (37.6)	88 (62.4)			131 (92.9)	10 (7.1)
Occupation
Gainfully employed	74 (34.4)	141 (65.6)	0.141	0.708	205 (95.3)	10 (4.7)	0.184	0.668
Not gainfully employed	67 (36.2)	118 (63.8)			178 (96.2)	7 (3.8)
Educational level
No formal education	98 (42.4)	133 (57.6)	12.329	0.000	224 (97.0)	7 (3.0)	1.999	0.157
Formal education	43 (25.4)	126 (74.6)			159 (94.1)	10 (5.9)

Table 5. Relationship between demographic characteristics and attitude to COVID-19 screening and vaccination among women attending Maimusari Primary Healthcare in Jere, Borno state.

Demographic variables	Getting screened for COVID-19 is safe				Getting vaccinated is important				COVID-19 vaccine is safe
	Agree	disagree	χ2	P-value	Agree	disagree	χ2	P-value	Agree	disagree	χ2	P-value
Age
<20	108 (87.1)	16 (12.9)	7.198	0.126	94 (75.8)	30 (24.2)	18.042	0.001	94 (75.8)	30 (24.2)	24.351	0.000
20–29	135 (93.1)	10 (6.89)			130 (89.7)	15 (10.3)			130 (89.7)	15 (10.3)
30–39	84 (91.3)	8 (8.7)			79 (85.9)	13 (14.1)			66 (71.7)	26 (28.3)
40–49	27 (100.0)	0 (0.0)			27 (100.0)	0 (0)			27 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
>50	12 (100.0)	0 (0.0)			12 (100.0)	0 (0.0)			12 (100.0)	0 (0.0)
Ethnic group
Kanuri	169 (89.4)	20 (10.6)	23.754	0.000	153 (80.9)	36 (19.1)	18.774	0.002	151 (79.9)	38 (20.1)	14.917	0.011
Babur	14 (66.7)	7 (33.3)			14 (66.7)	7 (33.3)			14 (66.7)	7 (33.3)
Marghi	31 (93.9)	2 (6.1)			28 (84.8)	5 (15.2)			27 (81.8)	6 (18.2)
Shuwa	20 (95.2)	1 (4.8)			18 (85.7)	3 (14.3)			14 (66.7)	7 (33.3)
Hausa	59 (96.7)	2 (3.3)			58 (95.1)	3 (4.9)			53 (86.9)	8 (13.1)
Others	73 (97.3)	2 (2.7)			71 (94.7)	4 (5.3)			70 (93.3)	5 (6.7)
Religion
Islam	351 (91.4)	33 (8.6)	0.108	0.742	330 (85.9)	54 (14.1)	1.482	0.223	317 (82.6)	67 (17.4)	0.600	0.439
Christianity	15 (93.8)	1 (6.2)			12 (75.0)	4 (25.0)			12 (75.0)	4 (25.0)
Marital status
Ever married	314 (92.9)	24 (7.1)	5.491	0.019	295 (87.3)	43 (12.7)	5.561	0.018	283 (83.7)	55 (16.3)	3.262	0.071
Never married	52 (83.9)	10 (16.1)			47 (75.8)	15 (24.2)			46 (74.2)	16 (25.8)
Family settings
Monogamous	241 (91.3)	23 (8.7)	0.045	0.832	234 (88.6)	30 (11.4)	6.161	0.013	223 (84.5)	41 (15.5)	2.620	0.105
Polygamous	125 (91.9)	11 (8.1)			108 (79.4)	28 (20.6)			106 (77.9)	30 (22.1)
Family size
Less than 5	239 (92.3)	20 (7.7)	0.572	0.450	231 (89.2)	28 (10.8)	8.066	0.005	224 (86.5)	35 (13.5)	9.033	0.003
Greater than 5	127 (90.1)	14 (9.9)			111 (78.7)	30 (21.3)			105 (74.5)	36 (25.5)
Occupation
Gainfully employed	200 (93.0)	15 (7.0)	1.387	0.239	181 (84.2)	34 (15.8)	0.647	0.421	174 (80.9)	41 (19.1)	0.555	0.456
Not gainfully employed	166 (89.7)	19 (10.3)			161 (87.0)	24 (13.0)			155 (83.8)	30 (16.2)
Educational level
No formal education	214 (92.6)	17 (7.4)	0.915	0.339	197 (85.3)	34 (14.7)	0.021	0.855	194 (83.9)	37 (16.0)	1.124	0.289
Formal education	152 (89.9)	17 (10.1)			145 (85.8)	24 (14.2)			135 (79.9)	34 (20.1)

Table 6. Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with willingness to accept vaccine among women attending Maimusari Primary Healthcare in Jere, Borno state.

Variables	Category	Odd Ratio (OR)	95% CI	P value
Age	<20	0.000	0.000	0.000
	20–29	0.000	0.000	0.998
	30–39	0.000	0.000	0.998
	40–49	0.000	0.000	0.998
	>50	Ref	Ref	Ref
Ethnic group	Kanuri	0.099	0.040–0.241	0.000
	Babur	0.385	0.037–3.960	0.422
	Marghi	0.392	0.111–1.383	0.146
	Shuwa	0.401	0.087–1.848	0.241
	Hausa	0.783	0.273–2.239	0.648
	Others	Ref	Ref	Ref
Religion	Islam	3.208	0.559–18.333	0.191
	Christianity	Ref	Ref	Ref
Marital status	Ever married	0.178	0.064–0.492	0.001
	Never married	Ref	Ref	Ref
Family settings	Monogamous	0.628	0.297–1.327	0.223
	Polygamous	Ref	Ref	Ref
Family size	Less than 5	4.862	2.171–10.888	0.000
	Greater than 5	Ref	Ref	Ref
Occupation	Gainfully employed	1.296	0.726–2.315	0.381
	Not gainfully employed	Ref	Ref	Ref
Educational level	No formal education	0.089	0.042–0.189	0.000
	Formal education	Ref	Ref	Ref
Getting screened for COVID-19 is safe	Agree	1.036	0.516–4.238	0.466
	Disagree	Ref	Ref	Ref
Getting vaccinated is important	Agree	1.628	0.757–3.501	0.212
	Disagree	Ref	Ref	Ref
COVID-19 vaccine is safe	Agree	1.832	0.923–3.637	0.083
	Disagree	Ref	Ref	Ref
After exposure, self-isolation reduces the likelihood of exposing others	Agree	1.916	0.471–7.786	0.364
	Disagree	Ref	Ref	Ref

Figure 1. Measures taken by respondents following exposure to infected person.

Figure 2. Reasons respondents do not want to be screened for COVID-19.