Diarrheal prevalence and associated risk factors among under-five children attending Robe Didea General Hospital, Arsi Robe Town, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Figure 1. Conceptual framework of associated factors for childhood diarrhea among under-five children in RDGH, Arsi Robe Town, Ethiopia, October to December, 2020.

Table 1. Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with diarrhea in under-five children attending RDGH, Arsi Robe Town, Ethiopia, October to December 2020 (n = 414).

Variables	Response category	Frequency	Percent
Age of mother/caregiver	18–24 years	104	25.1
	25–34 years	265	64.0
	>34 years	45	10.9
Residence	Urban	233	56.3
	Rural	181	43.7
Sex of child	Male	209	50.5
	Female	205	49.5
Child age	<6 months	22	5.3
	6–11 month	139	33.6
	12–23 months	114	27.5
	24–35 months	103	24.9
	>35 months	36	8.7
Number of under-five children in family	1	252	60.9
	≥2	162	39.1
Mother’s/caregiver’s education	No formal education	116	28.0
	Formal education	298	72.0
Mother’s/caregiver’s occupation	Housewife	286	69.1
	Farmer	58	14.0
	Salaried employee	47	11.4
	Merchant	11	2.7
	Laborer	12	2.9
Average monthly income in ETB*	≤1,000	132	31.9
	>1,000	282	68.1
Total		414	100

*ETB = Ethiopian Birr.

Table 2. Environmental factors associated with diarrhea among under-five children attending RDGH, Arsi Robe Town, Ethiopia, October to December 2020 (n = 414).

Study Variables	Response category	Frequency	Percent
Source of household drinking water	Improved	237	57.2
	Unimproved	177	42.8
Household-based water treatment	Yes	123	29.7
	No	291	70.3
Sanitation frequency of kitchen/floor	Per day	206	49.8
	Seldom	208	50.2
Living with domestic animals in the same house	Yes	165	39.9
	No	249	60.1
Presence of household latrine	Yes	256	61.8
	No	158	38.2
Status of latrine (n = 256)	Improved	104	40.6
	Unimproved	152	59.4
Unsanitary disposal of child faeces	Yes	115	27.8
	No	299	72.2
Availability of waste disposal sites	Yes	233	56.3
	No	181	43.7

Table 3. Behavioral and health-related factors among associated with diarrhea under-five children attending RDGH, Arsi Robe Town, Ethiopia, October to December 2020 (n = 414).

Only exclusive breast feed for six months	Yes	284	68.6
	No	130	31.4
Age child started supplementary food	<6 Month	174	42.0
	≥6 Month	240	58.0
Status of milk served to child	Boiled	340	82.1
	Unboiled	74	17.9
Mother/caregiver wash hands before food preparation	Yes	392	94.7
	No	22	5.3
Mother/caregiver wash hands before feeding child	Yes	379	91.5
	No	35	8.5
Mother/caregiver wash hands after using latrine	Yes	360	87.0
	No	54	13.0
Hand washing material used by mother/caregiver	Soap, ash or detergent	367	88.6
	Water only	47	11.4
Vaccination (any type)	Yes	386	93.2
	No	28	6.8
Mother’s/caregivers diarrheal history	Yes	104	25.1
	No	310	74.9
Total		414	100

Table 4. Diarrheal types and clinical manifestations among under-five children with diarrhea attending RDGH, Arsi Robetown, Ethiopia, October to December 2020 (n = 119).

Study variables	Response category	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Number of children with diarrhea	Male	70	58.8
	Female	49	41.2
Frequency of loose stool per day	<3 times	1	0.8
	≥3 times	118	99.2
Type of diarrhea	Acute watery diarrhea	89	74.8
	Bloody diarrhea	18	15.1
	Persistent diarrhea	12	10.1
Dehydration status	No sign	36	30.3
	Some	75	63.0
	Severe	8	6.7
Duration of diarrhea	<14 days	105	88.2
	≥14 days	14	11.8

Table 5. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses of factors associated with diarrheal in under-five children attending RDGH, Southeast Ethiopia, 2020 (n = 414).

Variables	Response category	Prevalence	COR	P-value	AOR	P-value
	N (%)	N (%)	(95% CI)		(95% CI)
Sex of child
Male	209 (50.5)	70 (33.5)	1		1
Female	205 (49.5)	49 (23.9)	0.62 (0.40–0.96)*	0.032	0.67 (0.39–1.14)	0.137
Age of child
<6 months	22 (5.3)	9 (40.9)	1		1
6–11 months	139 (33.6)	50 (36.0)	0.811 (0.324–2.032)	0.656	1.23 (0.32–4.96)	0.733
12–23 months	114 (27.5)	34 (29.8)	0.614 (.240–1.571)	0.309	1.56 (0.39–6.29)	0.527
24–35 months	103 (24.9)	18 (17.5)	0.306 (0.114–0.824)*	0.019	0.57 (0.14–2.36)	0.441
>35 months	36 (8.3)	8 (22.2)	0.413 (0.130–1.313)	0.134	0.98 (0.19–5.14)	0.988
Number of under-five children
1	252 (60.9)	60 (23.8)	1		1
≥2	162 (39.1)	59 (36.4)	1.83 (1.19–2.83)*	0.006	1.7 (0.99–2.89)	0.052
Education of mother/caregiver
No formal education	116 (28.0)	58 (50.0)	1		1
Formal education	298 (72.0)	61 (20.5)	0.26 (0.16–0.41)**	0.0001	0.30 (0.17–0.53)**	0.0001
Source of household drinking water
Improved	237 (57.2)	57 (24.1)	1		1
Unimproved	177 (42.8)	62 (35.0)	1.70 (1.11–2.61)*	0.015	2.11 (1.15–3.87)*	0.016
Availability of household-based water treatment
Yes	123 29.7)	27 (22.0)	1		1
No	291 (70.3)	92 (31.6)	1.64 (1.00–2.69)*	0.048	4.42 (2.20–8.86)**	0.0001
Living with domestic animals
Yes	165 (39.9)	59 (35.8)	1		1
No	249 (60.1)	60 (24.1)	0.57 (0.37–0.87)*	0.011	0.84 (0.47–1.9)	0.554
Presence of household latrine
Yes	256 (61.8)	50 (19.5)	1		1
No	158 (38.2)	69 (43.7)	3.19 (2.05–4.96)**	0.0001	4.41(2.49–7.79)**	0.0001
Unsanitary disposal of child feces
Yes	115 (27.8)	44 (38.3)	1		1
No	299 (72.2)	75 (25.1)	0.54 (0.34–0.85)*	0.008	0.63 (0.34–1.15)	0.134
Availability of wastes disposal site
Yes	233 (56.3)	53 (22.7)	1		1
No	181 (43.7)	66 (36.5)	1.95 (1.27–2.99)*	0.002	1.10 (0.64–1.89)	0.737
Only exclusive breast feed for six months
Yes	284 (68.6)	68 (23.9)	1		1
No	130 (31.4)	51 (39.2)	2.05 (1.31–3.20)*	0.002	1.89 (1.06–3.38)*	0.031
Hand washing before food preparation
Yes	284 (68.6)	103 (27.6)	1		1
No	130 (31.4)	11 (50.0)	2.63 (1.11–6.24)*	0.028	3.10 (0.81–11.73)	0.098
Hand washing before feed child
Yes	379 (91.5)	103 (27.2)	1		1
No	35 (8.5)	16 (45.7)	2.26 (1.12–4.55)*	0.023	0.93 (0.31–2.75)	0.896
Hand washing after visiting latrine
Yes	360 (87)	93 (25.8)	1		1
No	54 (13)	26 (48.1)	2.66 (1.48–4.78)*	0.001	1.49 (0.70–3.14)	0.295
Hand washing material used
Water + Soap/ash/detergent	367 (88.6)	94 (25.6)	1		1
Water only	47 (11.4)	25 (53.2)	3.30(1.77–6.13)**	0.0001	2.84 (1.24–6.49)*	0.014
Child vaccination
Yes	386 (93.2)	106 (27.5)	1		1
No	28 (6.8)	13 (46.4)	2.29 (1.054–4.97)*	0.036	1.89 (0.59–6.01)	0.28

Values in bold were statistically significant at p < 0.05^* ; p < 0.001**; COR: Crude Odds Ratio; AOR: adjusted odds ratio; 1 = reference.

Data availability statement

All data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.