Pattern of venous thromboembolism in childhood idiopathic nephrotic syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of the studied cases according to the occurrence of TE events (n = 225).

Nephrotic syndrome	No.	%
Event	11	4.9
No event	214	95.1

Table 2. Comparison between the two studied groups according to the demographic data.

	Total (n = 225)		Event (n = 11)		No event (n = 214)		P
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Sex
Male	157	69.8	8	72.7	149	69.6	^FEp= 1.000
Female	68	30.2	3	27.3	65	30.4
Age of onset (years)
Min. – Max.	1.0–10.0		1.0–10.0		1.0–10.0		0.483
Median (IQR)	4.0 (3.0–6.0)		4.0 (3.25–7.0)		4.0 (2.80–6.0)
Age at time of the study (years)							0.788
Min. – Max.	1.50–21.0		4.0–16.0		1.50–21.0
Median (IQR)	10.0 (7.0–14.0)		10.0(8.25–12.50)		10.50 (7.0–14.0)

IQR: Inter quartile range; SD: Standard deviation; t: Student t-test.

U: Mann Whitney test; χ2: Chi square test ; FE: Fisher Exact.

U: Mann Whitney test; χ2: Chi square test ; FE: Fisher Exact.

Table 3. Distribution of the studied cases according to the age of the event and the duration till the onset of thrombosis in the event group (n = 11).

	No.	%
Duration till onset (month)
≤6	7	63.6
>6	4	36.4
Min. – Max.	1.0–48.0
Mean ± SD.	10.82 ± 14.08
Median (IQR)	6.0 (2.50–12.0)
Age of event (years)
Min. – Max.	1.25–10.08
Mean ± SD.	5.95 ± 2.92
Median (IQR)	5.50 (3.88–8.50)

IQR: Inter quartile range; SD: Standard deviation.

Table 4. Distribution of the studied cases according to the site of thrombosis in the event group (n = 11).

	No.	%
Thrombosis
Deep vein	3	27.3
Cerebral venous sinus	6	54.5
Pulmonary embolism	3	27.3
Intra cardiac	1	9.1
Renal vein	1	9.1
Internal carotid artery	1	9.1

Table 5. Comparison between the two studied groups according to the lipid profile and the serum albumin.

Lipid profile	Total (n = 225)	Event (n = 11)	No event (n = 214)	Test of Sig.	P
TG (mg/dl)
Min. – Max.	60.0–1189.0	280.0–696.0	60.0–1189.0	U= 747.50*	0.041*
Mean ± SD.	325.3 ± 172.7	392.7 ± 128.9	321.9 ± 174.2
Median (IQR)	293.0(202.0–418.0)	320.0(312.5–425.0)	284.5(200.0–418.0)
Cholesterol (mg/dl)
Min. – Max.	105.0–804.0	204.0–528.0	105.0–804.0	t = 0.541	0.589
Mean ± SD.	416.18 ± 151.33	392.09 ± 112.76	417.42 ± 153.15
Median (IQR)	419.0(309.0–517.0)	411.0(301.5–502.0)	419.0(311.0–521.0)
Albumin (g/dl)
Min. – Max.	0.20–2.80	0.50–2.30	0.20–2.80	U = 1080.50	0.646
Mean ± SD.	1.10 ± 0.65	1.12 ± 0.58	1.10 ± 0.65
Median (IQR)	0.90 (0.60–1.50)	0.90 (0.80–1.25)	0.90 (0.60–1.60)

IQR: Inter quartile range, SD: Standard deviation, t: Student t-test.

U: Mann Whitney test, p: p value for comparing between the two studied groups.

*: Statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05.

Table 6. Comparison between the two studied groups according to the urinary protein/creatinine ratio.

	Total (n = 225)	Event (n = 11)	No event (n = 214)	U	P
Protein/creatinine ratio (mg/mg)
Min. – Max.	0.67–285.6	3.0–26.50	0.67–285.6	1134.00	0.838
Mean ± SD.	11.66 ± 20.27	9.86 ± 7.09	11.75 ± 20.73
Median (IQR)	7.69(3.89–14.20)	9.0(4.45–11.85)	7.69(3.80–14.50)

IQR: Inter quartile range, SD: Standard deviation, U: Mann Whitney test.

p: p value for comparing between the two studied groups.

Table 7. Comparison between the two studied groups according to response to steroids.

	Total (n = 225)		Event (n = 11)		No event (n = 214)		χ^2	^MCp
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Current state
SRNS	58	25.8	4	36.4	54	25.2	4.715	0.561
SDNS	56	24.9	3	27.3	53	24.8
Resolved	99	44.0	4	36.4	95	44.4
Infrequent relapse	3	1.3	0	0.0	3	1.4
FRNS	3	1.3	0	0.0	3	1.4
Lost to follow up	6	2.7	0	0.0	6	2.8
Death	4	1.8	1	9.1	3	1.4

χ²: Chi square test, MC: Monte Carlo.

p: p value for comparing between the two studied groups.